Follicular Thyroid Neoplasms: Comparison of Clinicopathologic and Molecular Features of Atypical Adenomas and Follicular Thyroid Carcinomas.
Journal
The American journal of surgical pathology
ISSN: 1532-0979
Titre abrégé: Am J Surg Pathol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 7707904
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
07 2020
07 2020
Historique:
pubmed:
14
4
2020
medline:
22
10
2020
entrez:
14
4
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
In follicular thyroid neoplasms without invasion, a diagnosis of atypical adenoma (AA) (follicular tumor of uncertain malignant potential) may be rendered if atypical features (indefinite capsular/vascular invasion, necrosis, solid growth, increased mitoses) are present. This study compares clinical, histologic, and molecular features of patients with AAs (n=31), nonmetastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma (nmFTC) (n=18), and metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma (mFTC) (n=38). Patients with mFTC were older. Mitotic activity in areas of solid growth was greatest in mFTC (P=0.05). Oncocytic tumors tended to show solid growth (P=0.04). The presence or frequency of capsular and/or vascular invasion was not different between nmFTC and mFTC. TERT promoter mutations were higher in patients with mFTC (50%) than nmFTC (25%) and AA (10%) (P=0.02). TERT promoter mutation was associated with necrosis (P=0.01) and solid growth plus increased mitoses (P=0.03). Necrosis and TERT promoter mutations were identified in all groups, most frequently in mFTC. The combination of solid growth with increased mitoses, necrosis, and TERT promoter mutation was only seen in follicular carcinomas. Poorly differentiated features, vascular invasion, and TERT promoter mutation correlated with metastasis in FTC. Given the low frequency of necrosis and TERT promoter mutation in AAs, close clinical follow-up is recommended in patients with these findings, especially if additional atypical features (such as solid growth plus mitoses) are present.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32282345
doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000001489
pii: 00000478-202007000-00009
doi:
Substances chimiques
Biomarkers, Tumor
0
TERT protein, human
EC 2.7.7.49
Telomerase
EC 2.7.7.49
Types de publication
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
881-892Références
Baloch ZW, Livolsi VA. Follicular-patterned afflictions of the thyroid gland: reappraisal of the most discussed entity in endocrine pathology. Endocr Pathol. 2014;25:12–20.
Seethala RR, Asa SL, Bullock MJ, et al. Protocol for the examination of specimens from patients with carcinomas of the thyroid gland. College of American Pathologists; 2017. Available at: www.cap.org. Accessed November 1, 2019.
Lloyd RV, Osamura RY, Klöppel G, et al. WHO Classification of Tumours of Endocrine Origin. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2017.
Rivera M, Ricarte-Filho J, Patel S, et al. Encapsulated thyroid tumors of follicular cell origin with high grade features (high mitotic rate/tumor necrosis): a clinicopathologic and molecular study. Hum Pathol. 2010;41:172–180.
Wang N, Liu T, Sofiadis A, et al. TERT promoter mutation as an early genetic event activating telomerase in follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) and atypical FTA. Cancer. 2014;120:2965–2979.
Witt RL, Ferris RL, Pribitkin EA, et al. Diagnosis and management of differentiated thyroid cancer using molecular biology. Laryngoscope. 2013;123:1059–1064.
Acquaviva G, Visani M, Repaci A, et al. Molecular pathology of thyroid tumours of follicular cells: a review of genetic alterations and their clinicopathological relevance. Histopathology. 2018;72:6–31.
Liu R, Xing M. Diagnostic and prognostic TERT promoter mutations in thyroid fine needle aspiration. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2014;21:825–830.
Xu B, Scognamiglio T, Cohen PR, et al. Metastatic thyroid carcinoma without identifiable primary tumor within the thyroid gland: a retrospective study of a rare phenomenon. Hum Pathol. 2017;65:133–139.
Landa I, Ganly I, Chan TA, et al. Frequent somatic TERT promoter mutations in thyroid cancer: higher prevalence in advanced forms of the disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98:E1562–E1566.
Landa I, Ibrahimpasic T, Boucai L, et al. Genomic and transcriptomic hallmarks of poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancers. J Clin Invest. 2016;126:1052–1066.
Jang EK, Song DE, Sim SY, et al. NRAS codon 61 mutation is associated with distant metastasis in patients with follicular thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 2014;24:1275–1281.
Foukakis T, Gusnanto A, Au AY, et al. A PCR-based expression signature of malignancy in follicular thyroid tumors. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2007;14:381–391.
Jung SH, Kim MS, Jung CK, et al. Mutational burdens and evolutionary ages of follicular thyroid adenoma are comparable to those of follicular carcinoma. Oncotarget. 2016;7:69638–69648.
Johnson DN, Furtado LV, Long BC, et al. Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTPs) are genetically and biologically similar to adenomatous nodules and distinct from papillary thyroid carcinomas with extensive follicular growth. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2018;142:838–850.
Kadri S, Long BC, Mujacic I, et al. Clinical validation of a next generation sequencing genomic oncology panel via cross-platform benchmarking against established amplicon sequencing assays. J Mol Diagn. 2017;19:43–56.
Cracolici V, Kadri S, Ritterhouse LL, et al. Clinicopathologic and molecular features of metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma in patients presenting with a thyroid nodule versus a distant metastasis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2019;43:514–522.
Franc B, De La Salmoniere P, Lange F, et al. Interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility in in the histopathology of follicular thyroid carcinoma. Hum Pathol. 2003;34:1092–1100.
Volante M, Collini P, Nikiforov YE, et al. Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma: the Turin proposal for use of uniform diagnostic criteria and an algorithmic diagnostic approach. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007;31:1256–1264.
Liu R, Xing M. TERT promoter mutations in thyroid cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2016;23:R143–R155.
Prioetti A, Sartori C, Macerola E, et al. Low frequency of TERT promoter mutations in a series of well-differentiated follicular-patterned thyroid neoplasms. Virchows Arch. 2017;471:769–773.
Vinagre J, Almeida A, Populo H, et al. Frequency of TERT promoter mutations in human cancers. Nat Commun. 2013;4:2185.
Duan H, Liu X, Ren X, et al. Mutation profiles of follicular thyroid tumors by targeted sequencing. Diagn Pathol. 2019;14:39.
Paulsson J, Mu N, Shabo I, et al. TERT aberrancies: a screening tool for malignancy in follicular thyroid tumors. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2018;25:723–733.
Hysek M, Paulsson JO, Jatta K. Clinical routine TERT promoter mutational screening in follicular thyroid tumors of uncertain malignant potential (FT-UMPs): a useful predictor of metastatic disease. Cancers. 2019;11:1443.
Boaventura P, Batista R, Pestana A. TERT promoter mutations: a genetic signature of benign and malignant thyroid tumors occuring in the context of tinea capitis irradiation. Eur J Endocrinol. 2017;176:49–55.
Skansing DB, Londero SC, Asschenfeldt P, et al. Nonanaplastic follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinoma: mitosis and necrosis in long-term follow-up. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2017;274:2541–2548.
Xu B, Tuttle M, Sabra MM, et al. Primary thyroid carcinoma with low-risk histology and distant metastases: clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics. Thyroid. 2017;27:632–640.
Madani A, Jozaghi Y, Tabah R, et al. Rare metastases of well-differentiated thyroid cancers: a systematic review. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015;22:460–466.
Lang W, Choritz H, Hundeshagen H. Risk factors in follicular thyroid carcinomas: a retrospective follow-up study covering a 14 year period with emphasis on morphologic findings. Am J Surg Pathol. 1986;10:246–255.
Collini P, Sampietro G, Pilotti S. Extensive vascular invasion is a marker of relapse in encapsulated non-Hurthle cell follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland: a clinicopathologic study of 18 consecutive cases from a single institution with an 11-year medial follow-up. Histopathology. 2004;44:35–39.
Ghossein RA, Hiltzik DH, Carlson DL, et al. Prognostic factors of recurrence in encapsulated Hurthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland: a clinicopathologic study of 50 cases. Cancer. 2006;106:1669–1676.
Xu B, Wang L, Tuttle RM, et al. Prognostic impact of extent of vascular invasion in low grade encapsulated follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinomas: a clinicopathologic study of 276 cases. Hum Pathol. 2015;46:1789–1798.
Mete O, Asa SL. Pathologic definition and clinical significance of vascular invasion in thyroid carcinomas of follicular epithelial derivation. Mod Pathol. 2011;24:1545–1552.
Bongiovanni M, Mazzucchelli L, Giovanella L, et al. Well-differentiated follicular patterned tumors of the thyroid with high-grade features can metastasize in the absence of capsular or vascular invasion: report of a case. Int J Surg Pathol. 2014;22:749–756.
Mizukami Y, Nonomura A, Hayashi Y, et al. Late bone metastasis from an encapsulated follicular carcinoma of the thyroid without capsular and vascular invasion. Pathol Int. 1996;46:457–461.
Suster S. Thyroid tumors with a follicular growth pattern: problems in differential diagnosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2006;130:984–988.
Gopal RK, Kübler K, Calvo SE, et al. Widespread chromosomal losses and mitochondrial DNA alterations as genetic drivers in Hürthle cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell. 2018;34:242–255.
Wei S, LiVolsi VA, Brose MS, et al. STK11 mutation identified in thyroid carcinoma. Endocr Pathol. 2016;27:65–69.
Rutter MM, Jha P, Schultz KA, et al. DICER1 mutations and differentiated thyroid carcinoma: evidence of a direct association. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101:1–5.
Bonhomme B, Godbert Y, Perot G, et al. Molecular pathology of anaplastic thyroid carcinomas: a retrospective study of 144 cases. Thyroid. 2017;27:682–692.
Afkhami M, Karunamurthy A, Chiosea S, et al. Histopathologic and clinical characterization of thyroid tumors carrying the BRAF(K601E) mutation. Thyroid. 2016;26:242–247.
Xu B, Ghossein R. Genomic landscape of poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Endocr Pathol. 2016;27:205–212.
Demeure MJ, Aziz M, Rosenberg R, et al. Whole-genome sequencing of an aggressive BRAF wild-type papillary thyroid cancer identified EML4-ALK translocation as a therapeutic target. World J Surg. 2014;38:1296–1305.
Tzen C, Huang Y, Fu Y. Is atypical follicular adenoma of the thyroid a preinvasive malignancy? Hum Pathol. 2003;34:666–669.