Genetic and environmental factors of schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder: insights from twin studies.


Journal

Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)
ISSN: 1435-1463
Titre abrégé: J Neural Transm (Vienna)
Pays: Austria
ID NLM: 9702341

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
11 2020
Historique:
received: 30 01 2020
accepted: 05 04 2020
pubmed: 15 4 2020
medline: 16 10 2021
entrez: 15 4 2020
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Twin studies of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder have employed epidemiological approaches that determine heritability by comparing the concordance rate between monozygotic twins (MZs) and dizygotic twins. The basis for these studies is that MZs share 100% of their genetic information. Recently, biological studies based on molecular methods are now being increasingly applied to examine the differences between MZs discordance for psychiatric disorders to unravel their possible causes. Although recent advances in next-generation sequencing have increased the accuracy of this line of research, there has been greater emphasis placed on epigenetic changes versus DNA sequence changes as the probable cause of discordant psychiatric disorders in MZs. Since the epigenetic status differs in each tissue type, in addition to the DNA from the peripheral blood, studies using DNA from nerve cells induced from postmortem brains or induced pluripotent stem cells are being carried out. Although it was originally thought that epigenetic changes occurred as a result of environmental factors, and thus were not transmittable, it is now known that such changes might possibly be transmitted between generations. Therefore, the potential possible effects of intestinal flora inside the body are currently being investigated as a cause of discordance in MZs. As a result, twin studies of psychiatric disorders are greatly contributing to the elucidation of genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of psychiatric conditions.

Identifiants

pubmed: 32285255
doi: 10.1007/s00702-020-02188-w
pii: 10.1007/s00702-020-02188-w
pmc: PMC7578126
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Review

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

1501-1515

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Auteurs

Akira Imamura (A)

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Community Partnership Unit, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan. aimamura@nagasaki-u.ac.jp.

Yoshiro Morimoto (Y)

Unit of Translation Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
Department of Human Genetics, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.

Shinji Ono (S)

Department of Human Genetics, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.

Naohiro Kurotaki (N)

Department of Clinical Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Japan.

Shinji Kanegae (S)

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Community Partnership Unit, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.

Naoki Yamamoto (N)

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Community Partnership Unit, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.
Unit of Translation Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.

Hirohisa Kinoshita (H)

Unit of Translation Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.

Takahiro Tsujita (T)

Goseikai Hironaka Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.

Yuji Okazaki (Y)

Koseikai Michinoo Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.
Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Hiroki Ozawa (H)

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Community Partnership Unit, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.
Unit of Translation Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.

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