Delaying the first grapevine fungicide application reduces exposure on operators by half.
Journal
Scientific reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
Titre abrégé: Sci Rep
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101563288
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
14 04 2020
14 04 2020
Historique:
received:
21
06
2019
accepted:
23
03
2020
entrez:
15
4
2020
pubmed:
15
4
2020
medline:
25
11
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Downy mildew is a severe disease of grapevines treated by repeated fungicide applications during the growing season. The impact of these treatments on human health is currently under scrutiny. Fungicide application long before disease onset is not thought to be greatly beneficial for grape production, but the first fungicide treatment is applied at least six weeks before disease onset in more than 50% of the vineyards in the Bordeaux region, a major French vine-growing area. We estimate that applying one fungicide every two weeks at disease onset would reduce fungicide applications against downy mildew by 56% (95%IC = [51.0%, 61.3%]), on average, relative to current levels. This decrease is slightly greater than the level of exposure reduction resulting from the random suppression of one out of every two fungicide treatments (i.e. 50%). The reduction is lower when treatments are sprayed weekly but still reaches at least 12.4% (95%IC = [4.3%, 20.8%]) in this case. We show that this and other strategies reducing the number of treatments would decrease operator exposure to pesticides as effectively as the use of various types of personal protective equipments in the Bordeaux region. The implementation of this strategy would significantly decrease fungicide use, health risks, and adverse environmental impacts of vineyards.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32286348
doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-62954-4
pii: 10.1038/s41598-020-62954-4
pmc: PMC7156528
doi:
Substances chimiques
Fungicides, Industrial
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
6404Références
Dubos, B. Maladies cryptogamiques de la vigne - Les champignons parasites des organes herbacés et du bois de la vigne. (2002).
Gessler, C., Pertot, I. & Perazzolli, M. Plasmopara viticola: a review of knowledge on downy mildew of grapevine and effective disease management. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 50, 3–44 (2011).
Jermini, M., Blaise, P. & Gessler, C. Quantitative effect of leaf damage caused by downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) on growth and yield quality of grapevine ‘Merlot’ (Vitis vinifera). VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research 49, 77–85 (2010).
Commission européenne. The use of plant protection products in the European Union, data 1992–2003. (2007).
Service de la Statistique et de la Prospection. Enquête Pratique culturales en viticulture 2013 - Nombre de traitements phytosanitaires, http://agreste.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/dossier28_integral.pdf (2015).
Caffi, T., Rossi, V. & Bugiani, R. Evaluation of a warning system for controlling primary infections of grapevine downy mildew. Plant disease 94, 709–716 (2010).
doi: 10.1094/PDIS-94-6-0709
Viel, J. F. & Challier, B. Bladder cancer among French farmers: does exposure to pesticides in vineyards play a part? Occupational and Environmental Medicine 52, 587–592 (1995).
doi: 10.1136/oem.52.9.587
Baldi, I. et al. Neuropsychologic effects of long-term exposure to pesticides: results from the French Phytoner study. Environmental Health Perspectives 109, 839–844 (2001).
doi: 10.1289/ehp.01109839
Baldi, I. et al. Association between Parkinson’s disease and exposure to pesticides in southwestern France. Neuroepidemiology 22, 305–310 (2003).
doi: 10.1159/000071194
Baldi, I. et al. Neurodegenerative diseases and exposure to pesticides in the elderly. American Journal of Epidemiology 157, 409–414 (2003).
doi: 10.1093/aje/kwf216
Provost, D. et al. Brain tumours and exposure to pesticides: a case-control study in southwestern France. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 64, 509–514 (2007).
doi: 10.1136/oem.2006.028100
European Food Safety Authority. Guidance on the assessment of exposure of operators, workers, residents and bystanders in risk assessment for plant protection products: Guidance on pesticides exposure assessment of operators, workers, residents and bystanders. EFSA Journal 12, 3874 (2014).
doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3874
ANSES. AVIS de l’Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l’alimentation, de l’environnement et du travail relatif à l’efficacité de vêtements de protection portés par les applicateurs de produits phytopharmaceutiques - Saisine n° 2011-SA-0216. 40, https://www.anses.fr/fr/system/files/PHYTO2011sa0216.pdf (2014).
Garrigou, A., Baldi, I. & Jackson, M. The use of pesticides in French viticulture: a badly controlled technology transfert. Work 19–25, https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-2012-0130-19 (2012).
Grimbuhler, S. & Viel, J.-F. Physiological strain in French vineyard workers wearing protective equipment to conduct re-entry tasks in humid conditions. Annals of Work Exposures and Health 62, 1040–1046 (2018).
doi: 10.1093/annweh/wxy056
Seidler, A. et al. Cancer risk among residents of Rhineland-Palatinate winegrowing communities: a cancer-registry based ecological study. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology 3, 12 (2008).
doi: 10.1186/1745-6673-3-12
Kab, S. et al. Agricultural activities and the incidence of Parkinson’s disease in the general French population. European Journal of Epidemiology 32, 203–216 (2017).
doi: 10.1007/s10654-017-0229-z
Journal officiel de l’Union européenne. Directive 2009/128/CE du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 21 octobre 2009 instaurant un cadre d’action communautaire pour parvenir à une utilisation des pesticides compatible avec le développement durable (Texte présentant de l’intérêt pour l’EEE). 309 vol. OJ L (2009).
Ministère de l’Agriculture, de l’Agroalimentaire et de la Forêt. Plan ECOPHYTO II+ (2018).
Mailly, F., Hossard, L., Barbier, J.-M., Thiollet-Scholtus, M. & Gary, C. Quantifying the impact of crop protection practices on pesticide use in wine-growing systems. European Journal of Agronomy 84, 23–34 (2017).
doi: 10.1016/j.eja.2016.12.005
Menesatti, P. et al. Multivariate forecasting model to optimize management of grape downy mildew control. VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research 52, 141–148 (2015).
Chen, M., Brun, F., Raynal, M. & Makowski, D. Timing of grape downy mildew onset in Bordeaux vineyards. Phytopathology 109, 787–795 (2018).
Großkopf, C. et al. A new model for the prediction of agricultural operator exposure during professional application of plant protection products in outdoor crops. Journal für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit 8, 143–153 (2013).
doi: 10.1007/s00003-013-0836-x
Service de la Statistique et de la Prospection. Pratiques culturales en viticulture 2013 - Réduire la dose, une pratique répandue pour les traitements fongicides. 8, http://agreste.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/primeur343.pdf (2016).
Service de la Statistique et de la Prospection. Fortes disparités de protection contre l’oïdium et le mildiou. 8, http://agreste.agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/primeur289.pdf (2012).
Chambre d’Agriculture du Tarn, Chambre d’Agriculture de Haute-Garonne, Chambre d’Agriculture du Lot & Chambre d’Agriculture du Tarn-et-Garonne. Tableau fongicides (2019). (2019).
Ross, J., Driver, J., Lunchick, C. & O’Mahony, C. Models for estimating human exposure to pesticides. Outlooks on Pest Management 26, 33–37 (2015).
doi: 10.1564/v26_feb_09
Thouvenin, I., Bouneb, F. & Mercier, T. Operator dermal exposure and protection provided by personal protective equipment and working coveralls during mixing/loading, application and sprayer cleaning in vineyards. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics 23, 229–239 (2017).
doi: 10.1080/10803548.2016.1195130
Baldi, I. et al. Levels and determinants of pesticide exposure in operators involved in treatment of vineyards: results of the PESTEXPO Study. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 22, 593–600 (2012).
doi: 10.1038/jes.2012.82
Grillet, J. P. et al. Arsenic exposure in the wine growing industry in ten French departments. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 77, 130–135 (2004).
doi: 10.1007/s00420-003-0490-1
Baldi, I. et al. Pesticide contamination of workers in vineyards in France. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 16, 115–124 (2006).
doi: 10.1038/sj.jea.7500443
Kab, S., Moisan, F., Spinosi, J., Chaperon, L. & Elbaz, A. Incidence de la maladie de Parkinson chez les agriculteurs et en population générale en fonction des caractéristiques agricoles des cantons français. Bulletin épidémiologique hebdomadaire 157–167 (2018).
Baldi, I. et al. Neurobehavioral effects of long-term exposure to pesticides: results from the 4-year follow-up of the PHYTONER Study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 68, 108–115 (2011).
doi: 10.1136/oem.2009.047811
INSERM. Pesticides - Effets Sur La Santé. (Inserm, 2013).
Damalas, C. A. & Abdollahzadeh, G. Farmers’ use of personal protective equipment during handling of plant protection products: Determinants of implementation. Science of The Total Environment 571, 730–736 (2016).
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.042
Lebailly, P. et al. Exposure to pesticides in open-field farming in France. Ann Occup Hyg 53, 69–81 (2009).
pubmed: 19022871
Damalas, C. A. & Eleftherohorinos, I. G. Pesticide exposure, safety issues, and risk assessment indicators. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 8, 1402–1419 (2011).
doi: 10.3390/ijerph8051402
Delière, L., Cartolaro, P., Léger, B. & Naud, O. Field evaluation of an expertise-based formal decision system for fungicide management of grapevine downy and powdery mildews: Decision system for management of grapevine mildews. Pest Management Science 71, 1247–1257 (2015).
doi: 10.1002/ps.3917
Lorenz, D. H. et al. Growth Stages of the Grapevine: Phenological growth stages of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. vinifera)—Codes and descriptions according to the extended BBCH scale†. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 1, 100–103 (1995).
doi: 10.1111/j.1755-0238.1995.tb00085.x
Gobbin, D. et al. Importance of secondary inoculum of Plasmopara viticola to epidemics of grapevine downy mildew. Plant Pathology 54, 522–534 (2005).
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2005.01208.x
Gobbin, D., Pertot, I. & Gessler, C. Genetic structure of a Plasmopara viticola population in an isolated Italian mountain vineyard. Journal of Phytopathology 151, 636–646 (2003).
doi: 10.1046/j.0931-1785.2003.00779.x
Pereira, C. B. et al. Temporal dynamics and management of downy mildew on the table grape ‘BRS Vitória’ in northern Paraná. Semina: Ciências Agrárias 39, 19–28 (2018).
Michel, L., Brun, F. & Makowski, D. A framework based on generalised linear mixed models for analysing pest and disease surveys. Crop Protection 94, 1–12 (2017).
doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2016.12.013
Kennelly, M. M., Gadoury, D. M., Wilcox, W. F., Magarey, P. A. & Seem, R. C. Primary infection, lesion productivity, and survival of sporangia in the grapevine downy mildew pathogen Plasmopara viticola. Phytopathology 97, 512–522 (2007).
doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-97-4-0512
Rieder, R., Pavan, W., Carré Maciel, J. M., Cunha Fernandes, J. M. & Sarroglia Pinho, M. A virtual reality system to monitor and control diseases in strawberry with drones: a project. 7th Intl. Congress on Env. Modelling and Software. San Diego, CA, USA (2014).
Thiessen, L. D. et al. Development of a grower-conducted inoculum detection assay for management of grape powdery mildew. Plant Pathology 65, 238–249 (2016).
doi: 10.1111/ppa.12421
Dagostin, S., Schärer, H.-J., Pertot, I. & Tamm, L. Are there alternatives to copper for controlling grapevine downy mildew in organic viticulture? Crop Protection 30, 776–788 (2011).
doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2011.02.031
Pertot, I. et al. A critical review of plant protection tools for reducing pesticide use on grapevine and new perspectives for the implementation of IPM in viticulture. Crop Protection 97, 70–84 (2017).
doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2016.11.025
Espinoza, A. F., Hubert, A., Raineau, Y., Franc, C. & Giraud-Héraud, É. Resistant grape varieties and market acceptance: an evaluation based on experimental economics. OENO One 52 (2018).
Oakley, J. E. SHELF: tools to support the Sheffield elicitation framework. R package version 1.4.0. (2018).
R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. The R Project for Statistical Computing, https://www.r-project.org/ .
Cox, D. R. Regression models and life-tables. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological) 34, 187–220 (1972).
doi: 10.1111/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x
Morris, D. E., Oakley, J. E. & Crowe, J. A. A web-based tool for eliciting probability distributions from experts. Environmental Modelling & Software 52, 1–4 (2014).
doi: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.10.010
ANSES. E-Phy - Le catalogue des produits phytopharmaceutiques et de leurs usages, des matières fertilisantes et des supports de culture autorisés en France, https://ephy.anses.fr/ (2019).