The howl of Rancho La Brea: Comparative anatomy of modern and fossil canid hyoid bones.
Canis dirus
Canis latrans
Canidae
functional morphology
vocal apparatus
Journal
Journal of morphology
ISSN: 1097-4687
Titre abrégé: J Morphol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0406125
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
06 2020
06 2020
Historique:
received:
20
12
2019
revised:
26
03
2020
accepted:
03
04
2020
pubmed:
18
4
2020
medline:
22
10
2020
entrez:
18
4
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The Rancho La Brea (RLB) fossil collection housed at the La Brea Tar Pits and Museum in Los Angeles, California, is one of the richest collections of carnivoran fossils in the world. The collection is also particularly well known for the preservation of rare and understudied bones in the tar, including the small bony apparatus that is of particular interest to this study, the hyoid. The La Brea collection houses hyoids from several extinct carnivoran species, some of the most common being those of Canis dirus (the dire wolf) and Canis latrans (the coyote). In this study, we compare fossilized hyoid elements from these two canids to samples from modern large congeners, namely: Canis lupus (the gray wolf), Canis rufus (the red wolf), and modern C. latrans. Seven or nine measurements were taken on each bone of the hyoid apparatus, and principal component analyses were performed in order to determine statistical significance between species. For most of the bones, the majority of the variation was driven by size. Dire wolves could be clearly differentiated from all other canids for all elements; the hyoid apparatus of C. dirus is larger and more robust than that of C. lupus. Most of the bony elements could not be distinguished between red wolves or modern coyotes. However, there are enough, complete fossil coyote basihyoids to compare with those of their modern relatives, and in several metrics (both PC shapes and overall size), RLB and modern C. latrans are significantly different. As larger hyoids have been associated with a lower vocal frequency, this distinction would have resulted in the vocalizations of C. dirus occurring at a lower frequency than those produced by C. lupus and perhaps lower vocalizations in ice age coyotes than their modern relatives. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: We quantify morphological differences in the hyoid of dire wolves (Canis dirus) relative to extant grey wolves (Canis lupus), and hypothesize that, as larger hyoids have been associated with a lower vocal frequency, the vocalizations of C. dirus might have occurred at a lower frequency than those by C. lupus. Likewise, modern and fossil coyotes (Canis latrans) show a significant difference in basihyoid size and shape, potentially indicating that modern and ancient coyotes might have sounded differently.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
646-652Informations de copyright
© 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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