Benzofuran pyran compound rescues rat and human osteoblast from lipotoxic effect of palmitate by inhibiting lipid biosynthesis and promoting stabilization of RUNX2.

Obesity and ageing increases bone marrow fat which in turn is associated with lower bone mass. Marrow adipocytes by secreting cytokines, adipokines and free fatty acids change the bone marrow milieu and thus the number of osteoblasts. Palmitate is the common saturated fatty acid, an unavoidable ingredient we consume with food, which kindles cell apoptosis. Compound 4e is osteogenic in nature. We examine the effect of compound 4e in palmitate induced lipotoxicity in rat osteoblasts. Design of benzofuran Pyran hybrid compound (4e) was found to be effective in inhibiting palmitate induced cell apoptosis. In this study an in vitro model of palmitate was contrived. Anti-apoptotic effect of compound 4e was assessed by Annexin/PI and LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase) assay. Compound 4e also increased osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. It also increased expression of osteogenic markers (RUNX2 and BMP2), assessed by Real time PCR and immunofluorescence, which was impeded by palmitate. Acetyl Co-Carboxylase (ACC) and Fatty acid synthase (FAS), two prominent mediators of lipid biosynthesis were increased by palmitate exposure. Compound 4e modulated lipid biosynthesis by inhibiting ACC and FAS as reflected visually and after quantification of less lipid droplet formation suggesting that 4e is osteogenic and simultaneously anti-lipotoxic.

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Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests.