Assessment of health risks from recreational exposure to Giardia and Cryptosporidium in coastal bathing waters.
Cryptosporidium
Giardia
Infection and disease risk assessment
Marine recreational waters
Quantitative microbial risk assessment
Journal
Environmental science and pollution research international
ISSN: 1614-7499
Titre abrégé: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 9441769
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jun 2020
Jun 2020
Historique:
received:
19
06
2019
accepted:
27
03
2020
pubmed:
26
4
2020
medline:
11
7
2020
entrez:
26
4
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Some Brazilian beaches are impacted by raw or poorly treated sewage. Thus, users (beachgoers, sports people, and children) are exposed to pathogens, which pose health concerns. This study aimed to estimate the probability of infection and disease by Giardia and Cryptosporidium, using the quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA), for three groups of bathers: children, adults, and open water swimmers. The concentrations of (oo)cysts were taken from a study run by CETESB (Environmental Company of Sao Paulo State) throughout 2011 and 2012, in which 203 samples were collected monthly and analyzed for (oo)cysts of Giardia and Cryptosporidium. Giardia was present in 43% of the samples, while Cryptosporidium in 13%. Infection probability was higher in beaches with more positive samples for Giardia cysts for the group of open water swimmers. In some cases, the highest annual risk obtained for giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis was 2.4 × 10
Identifiants
pubmed: 32333348
doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-08650-2
pii: 10.1007/s11356-020-08650-2
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
23129-23140Subventions
Organisme : Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo
ID : 2013/07375-0
Organisme : CNPq
ID : 300642/2013-0