The UEFA Heading Study: Heading incidence in children's and youth' football (soccer) in eight European countries.
adolescents
head injury
heading
risk
Journal
Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
ISSN: 1600-0838
Titre abrégé: Scand J Med Sci Sports
Pays: Denmark
ID NLM: 9111504
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Aug 2020
Aug 2020
Historique:
received:
22
07
2019
revised:
15
04
2020
accepted:
20
04
2020
pubmed:
27
4
2020
medline:
10
2
2021
entrez:
27
4
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
To assess the real-life magnitude of the heading incidence in children's and youth' football in eight European countries with different "football cultures," a cross-sectional observational design, in which one match per team in 480 different teams from eight European countries (2017/18-2018/19), was recorded by video. One training session was recorded in 312 teams. Clubs with Under-10, Under-12 (female/male/mixed), and Under-16 female and male teams were eligible to participate. Heading frequencies and types were analyzed. Results are presented as headers per match/training and per team. Incidence rates (IR) per 1000 match/training hours were calculated. Under-10 teams carried out the lowest average number of headers per match (8.8), followed by Under-16 female (17.7), Under-12 (18.4), and Under-16 male (35.5). Total number of headers per match and team varied between countries. 80% of the total number of headers were single intentional headers, 12% heading duels, 3% unintentional headers by getting hit, and 5% others (trends apparent in all age groups). Three head injuries occurred during match play corresponding to an IR of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.23-2.16). The lowest number of headers per training and team was found in Under-10 (21.3), followed by Under-16 females (34.1), Under-12 (35.8), and Under-16 males (45.0). In conclusion, this large-scale study presents novel data about the number and type of headers in youth' football throughout Europe. A more precise understanding of the heading incidence, specifically in young players, is mandatory for the debate of restrictions on heading in youth football.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Multicenter Study
Observational Study
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1506-1517Subventions
Organisme : Union des Associations Européennes de Football (UEFA)
Informations de copyright
© 2020 The Authors. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science In Sports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Références
Spiotta AM, Bartsch AJ, Benzel EC. Heading in soccer: dangerous play? Neurosurgery. 2012;70(1):1-11; discussion 11.
Vann Jones SA, Breakey RW, Evans PJ. Heading in football, long-term cognitive decline and dementia: evidence from screening retired professional footballers. Br J Sports Med. 2014;48(2):159-161.
Kontos AP, Braithwaite R, Chrisman SPD, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of football heading. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(15):1118-1124.
Maher ME, Hutchison M, Cusimano M, Comper P, Schweizer TA. Concussions and heading in soccer: a review of the evidence of incidence, mechanisms, biomarkers and neurocognitive outcomes. Brain Inj. 2014;28(3):271-285.
Putukian M, Echemendia RJ, Chiampas G, et al. Head Injury in Soccer: From Science to the Field; summary of the head injury summit held in April 2017 in New York City, New York. Br J Sports Med. 2019;53(21):1332-1332.
Rodrigues AC, Lasmar RP, Caramelli P. Effects of soccer heading on brain structure and function. Front Neurol. 2016;7:38.
Rutherford A, Stewart W, Bruno D. Heading for trouble: is dementia a game changer for football? Br J Sports Med. 2019;53(6):321-322.
Tarnutzer AA, Straumann D, Brugger P, Feddermann-Demont N. Persistent effects of playing football and associated (subconcussive) head trauma on brain structure and function: a systematic review of the literature. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(22):1592-1604.
Chiampas G, Kirkendall D. Point-counterpoint: should heading be restricted in youth football? Yes, heading should be restricted in youth football. Sci Med Football. 2018;2(1):80-82.
Comstock RD, Currie DW, Pierpoint LA, Grubenhoff JA, Fields SK. An Evidence-based discussion of heading the ball and concussions in high school soccer. JAMA Pediatr. 2015;169(9):830-837.
O'Kane JW. Is heading in youth soccer dangerous play? Phys Sportsmed. 2016;44(2):190-194.
Meyer T, Reinsberger C. Do head injuries and headers in football lead to future brain damage? A discussion lacking appropriate scientific diligence. Sci Med Football. 2018;2(1):1-2.
Tarnutzer AA. Should heading be forbidden in children’s football? Sci Med Football. 2017;2(1):75-79.
Sandmo SB, Andersen TE, Koerte IK, Bahr R. Head impact exposure in youth football-Are current interventions hitting the target? Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2020;30(1):193-198.
Koerte IK, Ertl-Wagner B, Reiser M, Zafonte R, Shenton ME. White matter integrity in the brains of professional soccer players without a symptomatic concussion. JAMA. 2012;308(18):1859-1861.
Lipton ML, Kim N, Zimmerman ME, et al. Soccer heading is associated with white matter microstructural and cognitive abnormalities. Radiology. 2013;268(3):850-857.
Koerte IK, Nichols E, Tripodis Y, et al. Impaired cognitive performance in youth athletes exposed to repetitive head impacts. J Neurotrauma. 2017;34(16):2389-2395.
Di Virgilio TG, Hunter A, Wilson L, et al. Evidence for acute electrophysiological and cognitive changes following routine soccer heading. EBioMedicine. 2016;13:66-71.
Soccer US.Joint statement regarding concussion lawsuit resolution. 2015; https://www.ussoccer.com/about/recognize-to-recover/concussion-guidelines/player-safety-campaign. Accessed March 6th 2019.
Kaminski TWC, Chiampas GT, Putukian M, Kirkendall D, Fokas J, Kontos AP. Purposeful heading in U.S. youth soccer players: results from the U.S. soccer online heading survey - epidemiological evidence. Sci Med Football. 2019;4(2):93-100.
Kontos AP, Eagle SR, Putukian M, Kirkendall D, Chiampas G, Kaminski T. Concussions in U.S. Youth soccer players: results from the U.S. soccer online concussion survey. Sci Med Football. 2020;4(2):87-92.
Beaudouin F, Rossler R, Aus der Funten K, et al. Effects of the '11+ Kids' injury prevention programme on severe injuries in children's football: a secondary analysis of data from a multicentre cluster-randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med. 2018;53(22):1418-1423.
Rossler R, Junge A, Bizzini M, et al. A multinational cluster randomised controlled trial to assess the efficacy of '11+ Kids': a warm-up programme to prevent injuries in children's football. Sports Med. 2018;48(6):1493-1504.
Fuller CW, Ekstrand J, Junge A, et al. Consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures in studies of football (soccer) injuries. Br J Sports Med. 2006;40(3):193-201.
Hagglund M, Walden M, Ekstrand J. Previous injury as a risk factor for injury in elite football: a prospective study over two consecutive seasons. Br J Sports Med. 2006;40(9):767-772.
Jordan BD. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy and other long-term sequelae. Continuum. 2014;20:1588-1604.
Alosco ML, Mez J, Tripodis Y, et al. Age of first exposure to tackle football and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Ann Neurol. 2018;83(5):886-901.
Bailes JE, Petraglia AL, Omalu BI, Nauman E, Talavage T. Role of subconcussion in repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg. 2013;119(5):1235-1245.
Gutierrez GM, Conte C, Lightbourne K. The relationship between impact force, neck strength, and neurocognitive performance in soccer heading in adolescent females. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2014;26(1):33-40.
Haran FJ, Tierney R, Wright WG, Keshner E, Silter M. Acute changes in postural control after soccer heading. Int J Sports Med. 2013;34(4):350-354.
Caccese JB, Buckley TA, Tierney RT, Rose WC, Glutting JJ, Kaminski TW. Postural control deficits after repetitive soccer heading. Clin J Sport Med. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000000709. [Epub ahead of print].
Webbe FM, Ochs SR. Recency and frequency of soccer heading interact to decrease neurocognitive performance. Appl Neuropsychol. 2003;10(1):31-41.
Zhang MR, Red SD, Lin AH, Patel SS, Sereno AB. Evidence of cognitive dysfunction after soccer playing with ball heading using a novel tablet-based approach. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(2):e57364.
Levitch CF, Zimmerman ME, Lubin N, et al. Recent and long-term soccer heading exposure is differentially associated with neuropsychological function in amateur players. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2018;24(2):147-155.
Salinas CM, Webbe FM, Devore TT. The epidemiology of soccer heading in competitive youth players. J Clin Sports Psychol. 2009;3(1):15-33.
Kaminski TW, Wikstrom AM, Gutierrez GM, Glutting JJ. Purposeful heading during a season does not influence cognitive function or balance in female soccer players. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2007;29(7):742-751.
Kaminski TW, Cousino ES, Glutting JJ. Examining the relationship between purposeful heading in soccer and computerized neuropsychological test performance. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2008;79(2):235-244.
Stephens R, Rutherford A, Potter D, Fernie G. Neuropsychological consequence of soccer play in adolescent U.K. School team soccer players. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2010;22(3):295-303.
Harriss A, Johnson AM, Walton DM, Dickey JP. The number of purposeful headers female youth soccer players experience during games depends on player age but not player position. Sci Med Football. 2018;3(2):109-114.
Chrisman SP, Mac Donald CL, Friedman S, et al. Head impact exposure during a weekend youth soccer tournament. J Child Neurol. 2016;31(8):971-978.
Press JN, Rowson S. Quantifying head impact exposure in collegiate women's soccer. Clin J Sport Med. 2017;27(2):104-110.
Sandmo SB, McIntosh AS, Andersen TE, Koerte IK, Bahr R. Evaluation of an in-ear sensor for quantifying head impacts in youth soccer. Am J Sports Med. 2019;47(4):974-981.
Harriss A, Johnson AM, Walton DM, Dickey JP. Head impact magnitudes that occur from purposeful soccer heading depend on the game scenario and head impact location. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2019;40:53-57.
Hanlon EM, Bir CA. Real-time head acceleration measurement in girls' youth soccer. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44(6):1102-1108.
McCuen E, Svaldi D, Breedlove K, et al. Collegiate women's soccer players suffer greater cumulative head impacts than their high school counterparts. J Biomech. 2015;48(13):3720-3723.
Janda DH, Bir CA, Cheney AL. An evaluation of the cumulative concussive effect of soccer heading in the youth population. Inj Control Saf Promot. 2002;9(1):25-31.
Beaudouin F, Aus der Funten K, Tross T, Reinsberger C, Meyer T. Head injuries in professional male football (soccer) over 13 years: 29% lower incidence rates after a rule change (red card). Br J Sports Med. 2017;53(15):948-952.
Beaudouin F, Aus der Funten K, Tross T, Reinsberger C, Meyer T. Match situations leading to head injuries in professional male football (soccer)-a video-based analysis over 12 years. Clin J Sport Med. 2018;30:S47-S52.
Beaudouin F, der Funten KA, Tross T, Reinsberger C, Meyer T. Time trends of head injuries over multiple seasons in professional male football (soccer). Sports Med Int Open. 2019;3(1):E6-E11.
Caccese JB, Kaminski TW. Minimizing head acceleration in soccer: a review of the literature. Sports Med. 2016;46(11):1591-1604.
Kerr ZY, Campbell KR, Fraser MA, et al. Head impact locations in U.S. high school boys' and girls' soccer concussions. J Neurotrauma. 2019;36(13):2073-2082. 2012/13-2015/16.
Caccese JB, Lamond LC, Buckley TA, Kaminski TW. Reducing purposeful headers from goal kicks and punts may reduce cumulative exposure to head acceleration. Res Sports Med. 2016;24(4):407-415.
Lamond LC, Caccese JB, Buckley TA, Glutting J, Kaminski TW. Linear acceleration in direct head contact across impact type, player position, and playing scenario in collegiate women's soccer players. J Athl Train. 2018;53(2):115-121.
Faude O, Rossler R, Junge A, et al. Head injuries in children's football-results from two prospective cohort studies in four European countries. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2017;27(12):1986-1992.
Rossler R, Junge A, Chomiak J, Dvorak J, Faude O. Soccer injuries in players aged 7 to 12 years: a descriptive epidemiological study over 2 seasons. Am J Sports Med. 2016;44(2):309-317.