Conservation and production responses vary by disturbance intensity in a long-term forest management experiment.
avian community composition
disturbance
ecosystem responses
forest management
herbicide
hierarchical Bayes
presence-absence data
richness
species pools
Journal
Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America
ISSN: 1051-0761
Titre abrégé: Ecol Appl
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9889808
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
10 2020
10 2020
Historique:
received:
24
10
2019
revised:
19
03
2020
accepted:
30
03
2020
pubmed:
28
4
2020
medline:
22
1
2021
entrez:
28
4
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Reductions in management intensity are often proposed to support a broader range of beneficial ecosystem responses than traditional management approaches. However, few studies evaluate ecosystem responses across approaches. Also, managers lack information about how species traits mediate responses across management approaches, a potentially substantial source of spatial and temporal variation in population and community responses that if ignored may hinder effectiveness of management programs. We used data collected over eight years from a manipulative experiment to test how four forest management strategies influenced avian community composition and wood production. After harvesting, we evaluated responses to three levels of plant cover suppression (Light, Moderate, and Intensive herbicide applications) in relation to a control without herbicide. We predicted the Moderate and Intensive treatments would exert strong negative effects on leaf-gleaning insectivores, including species of conservation concern due to long-term population declines. However, given high forest productivity, we expected temporal duration of effects to be short. Richness of leaf-gleaning bird species was reduced by 20-50% during the first four years post-harvest (when herbicide treatments were on-going), but the effect size declined over the next four years once treatments were completed (13-20% reduction). Effect sizes were substantially smaller for the non-leaf-gleaner group during years 1-4 (19-27%) and disappeared during years 5-8 (2-3%). However, in our final year of observation, we did find an average of five fewer non-leaf-gleaner species on Light vs. Control units. In the last two years of observation, turnover probabilities for the leaf-gleaner species remained higher on all treatments compared to the Control (0.11-0.21), indicating that new species continued to colonize treatments. Planted conifers were 40-44% taller and 74-81% larger in diameter in the Moderate and Intensive treatments compared to the Control, leading to substantial gains in wood biomass. Current practices provided more balance between two ecosystem responses, avian diversity and wood production, compared to less intensive alternatives. When short-term negative effects occur, the spatial distribution of harvesting and regeneration regionally indicates that habitat is often available locally to support leaf-gleaning and non-leaf-gleaning bird populations while releasing other portions of the region for high priority conservation objectives including late-successional forest reserves.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e02148Subventions
Organisme : National Council for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI)
Pays : International
Informations de copyright
© 2020 by the Ecological Society of America.
Références
Angelstam, P., V. Naumov, M. Elbakidze, M. Manton, J. Priednieks, and Z. Rendenieks. 2018. Wood production and biodiversity conservation are rival forestry objectives in Europe's Baltic Sea Region. Ecosphere 9:e02119.
Bässler, C., R. Ernst, M. Cadotte, C. Heibl, and J. Müller. 2014. Near-to-nature logging influences community assembly processes in a temperate forest. Journal of Applied Ecology 51:939-948.
Bennett, E. M., G. D. Peterson, and L. J. Gordon. 2009. Understanding relationships among multiple ecosystem services. Ecology Letters 12:1394-1404.
Bock, C. E., Z. F. Jones, and J. H. Bock. 2007. Relationships between species richness, evenness, and abundance in a southwestern savanna. Ecology 88:1322-1327.
Bowman, J. 2003. Is dispersal distance of birds proportional to territory size? Canadian Journal of Zoology 81:195-202.
Brandeis, T. J., M. Newton, and E. C. Cole. 2001. Underplanted conifer seedling survival and growth in thinned Douglas-fir stands. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31:302-312.
Cardinale, B. J., D. S. Srivastava, J. E. Duffy, J. P. Wright, A. L. Downing, M. Sankaran, and C. Jouseau. 2006. Effects of biodiversity on the functioning of trophic groups and ecosystems. Nature 443:989-992.
Carnus, J.-M., J. Parrotta, E. Brockerhoff, M. Arbez, H. Jactel, A. Kremer, D. Lamb, K. O'Hara, and B. Walters. 2006. Planted forests and biodiversity. Journal of Forestry 104:65-77.
Cornell, H. V., and S. P. Harrison. 2014. What are species pools and when are they important? Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 45:45-67.
Daniels, J. 2005. The rise and fall of the Pacific Northwest log export market. General Technichal Report PNW-GTR-624. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Dice, L. R. 1945. Measures of the amount of ecologic association between species. Ecology 26:297-302.
Dorazio, R. M., and J. A. Royle. 2005. Estimating size and composition of biological communities by modeling the occurrence of species. Journal of the American Statistical Association 100:389-398.
Edwards, D. P., et al. 2014. Land-sharing versus land-sparing logging: reconciling timber extraction with biodiversity conservation. Global Change Biology 20:183-191.
Ellis, T. M., A. J. Kroll, and M. G. Betts. 2012. Early seral hardwood vegetation increases adult and fledgling bird abundance in Douglas-fir plantations of the Oregon Coast Range, USA. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 42:918-933.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2012. State of the world's forests. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
Forest Ecosystem Management Assessment Team. 1993. Forest ecosystem management: an ecological, economic, and social assessment United States Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, National Marine Fisheries Service, Fish and Wildlife Service, Park Service, and Environmental Protection Agency. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., USA.
Fox, T. R., E. J. Jokela, and H. L. Allen. 2007. The development of pine plantation silviculture in the southern United States. Journal of Forestry 105:337-347.
Franklin, J. F., and C. T. Dyrness. 1973. Natural vegetation of Oregon and Washington. U.S. Forest Service GTR-PNW-8. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Franklin, J. F., and C. T. Dyrness. 1988. Natural vegetation of Oregon and Washington. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
Frey, D. 2018. Top-down effects of wildlife and bottom-up drivers of soils and productivity in intensively managed forest plantations in the northern Oregon Coast Range. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
Gabriel, D., S. M. Sait, W. E. Kunin, and T. G. Benton. 2013. Food production vs. biodiversity: comparing organic and conventional agriculture. Journal of Applied Ecology 50:355-364.
Gelman, A., J. B. Carlin, H. S. Stern, and D. B. Rubin. 2004. Bayesian data analysis. Second edition. Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
Gelman, A., and J. Hill. 2007. Data analysis using regression and multilevel/hierarchical models. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Gillis, A. M. 1990. The new forestry-an ecosystem approach to land management. BioScience 40:558-562.
Giovanini, J., A. J. Kroll, J. Jones, B. Altman, and E. B. Arnett. 2013. Effects of management intervention on post-disturbance community composition: an experimental analysis using Bayesian hierarchical models. PLoS ONE 8:e59900.
Gossner, M. M., T. Lachat, J. Brunet, G. Isacsson, C. Bouget, H. Brustel, R. Brandl, W. W. Weisser, and J. Muller. 2013. Current near-to-nature forest management effects on functional trait composition of saproxylic beetles in beech forests. Conservation Biology 27:605-614.
Hane, M. E., A. J. Kroll, J. R. Johnson, M. Rochelle, and E. B. Arnett. 2012. Experimental effects of structural enrichment on avian nest survival. Forest Ecology and Management 282:167-174.
Hayes, J. P., S. H. Schoenholtz, M. J. Hartley, G. Murphy, R. F. Powers, D. Berg, and S. R. Radosevich. 2005. Environmental consequences of intensively managed forest plantations in the Pacific Northwest. Journal of Forestry 103:83-87.
Haynes, R. W., technical coordinator, editor. 2003. An analysis of the timber situation in the United States: 1952 to 2050. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-560. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Homyack, J. A., and A. J. Kroll. 2014. Slow lives in the fast landscape: conservation and management of Plethodontid salamanders in production forests of the United States. Forests 5:2750-2772.
Jones, J. E., A. J. Kroll, J. Giovanini, S. D. Duke, and M. G. Betts. 2011. Estimating thresholds in occupancy when species detection is imperfect. Ecology 92:2299-2309.
Jones, J. E., A. J. Kroll, J. N. Giovanini, S. D. Duke, T. Ellis, and M. G. Betts. 2012. Avian species richness in relation to intensive forest management practices in early seral tree plantations. PLoS ONE 7:e43290.
Kroll, A. J., S. D. Duke, M. E. Hane, J. R. Johnson, M. Rochelle, M. G. Betts, and E. B. Arnett. 2012a. Landscape composition influences avian colonization of experimentally created snags. Biological Conservation 152:145-151.
Kroll, A. J., S. D. Duke, D. E. Runde, E. B. Arnett, and K. A. Austin. 2007. Modeling habitat occupancy of orange-crowned warblers in managed forests of Oregon and Washington, USA. Journal of Wildlife Management 71:1089-1097.
Kroll, A. J., J. Giovanini, J. Jones, E. B. Arnett, and B. Altman. 2012b. Effects of salvage logging of beetle-killed forests on avian species and foraging guild abundance. Journal of Wildlife Management 76:1188-1196.
Kroll, A. J., and J. B. Haufler. 2010. Measuring ecologically important quantities at relevant operational scales: an example using the dusky flycatcher in selectively logged forests in Idaho. Forest Ecology and Management 260:715-722.
Kroll, A. J., J. D. Johnston, T. D. Stokely, and G. W. Meigs. 2020. From the ground up: managing young forests for a range of ecosystem outcomes. Forest Ecology and Management 464:118055.
Kroll, A. J., J. E. Jones, A. B. Stringer, and D. J. Meekins. 2016. Multistate models reveal long-term trends of Northern Spotted Owls in the absence of a novel competitor. PLoS ONE 11:15.
Kroll, A. J., M. J. Lacki, and E. B. Arnett. 2012c. Research needs to support management and conservation of cavity-dependant birds and bats on forested landscapes in the Pacific Northwest. Western Journal of Applied Forestry 27:128-136.
Kroll, A. J., Y. Ren, J. E. Jones, J. Giovanini, R. W. Perry, R. E. Thill, D. White Jr., and B. Wigley. 2014. Avian community composition associated with interactions between local and landscape habitat attributes. Forest Ecology and Management 326:46-57.
Kroll, A. J., J. Verschuyl, J. Giovanini, and M. G. Betts. 2017. Assembly dynamics of a forest bird community depend on disturbance intensity and foraging guild. Journal of Applied Ecology 54:784-793.
Larson, A. J., and J. F. Franklin. 2005. Patterns of conifer tree regeneration following an autumn wildfire event in the western Oregon Cascade Range, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 218:25-36.
Lautenschlager, R. A., and T. P. Sullivan. 2004. Improving research into effects of forest herbicide use on biota in northern ecosystems. Wildlife Society Bulletin 32:1061-1070.
Linden, D. W., and G. J. Roloff. 2013. Retained structures and bird communities in clearcut forests of the Pacific Northwest, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 310:1045-1056.
Linden, D. W., G. J. Roloff, and A. J. Kroll. 2012. Conserving avian richness through structure retention in managed forests of the Pacific Northwest. Forest Ecology and Management 284:174-184.
Mace, G. M., K. Norris, and A. H. Fitter. 2012. Biodiversity and ecosystem services: a multilayered relationship. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 27:19-26.
Maguire, D. A., D. B. Mainwaring, R. Rose, S. M. Garber, and E. J. Dinger. 2009. Response of coastal Douglas-fir and competing vegetation to repeated and delayed weed control treatments during early plantation development. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39:1208-1219.
McGill, B. J., B. J. Enquist, E. Weiher, and M. Westoby. 2006. Rebuilding community ecology from functional traits. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 21:178-185.
Meyfroidt, P., and E. F. Lambin. 2011. Global forest transition: prospects for an end to deforestation. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 36:343-371.
Mittelbach, G. G., and D. W. Schemske. 2015. Ecological and evolutionary perspectives on community assembly. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 30:241-247.
Morrison, M. L., and E. C. Meslow. 1983. Bird community structure on early-growth clearcuts in western Oregon. American Midland Naturalist 110:129-137.
Newton, M., K. M. Howard, B. R. Kelpsas, R. Danhaus, C. M. Lottman, and S. Dubelman. 1984. Fate of glyphosate in an Oregon forest ecosystem. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 32:1144-1151.
O'Hara, K. 2016. What is close-to-nature silviculture in a changing world? Forestry 89:1-6.
Oregon Department of Forestry. 2007. Forest practice administrative rules and Forest Practices Act. Oregon Department of Forestry, Salem, Oregon, USA.
Pacifici, K., E. F. Zipkin, J. A. Collazo, J. I. Irizarry, and A. DeWan. 2014. Guidelines for a priori grouping of species in hierarchical community models. Ecology and Evolution 4:877-888.
Pearson, S. F., J. Giovanini, J. Jones, and A. J. Kroll. 2015. Breeding bird community continues to colonize riparian buffers ten years after harvest. PLoS ONE 10:e014324.
Phalan, B., M. Onial, A. Balmford, and A. W. Green. 2011. Reconciling food production and biodiversity conservation: land sharing and land sparing compared. Science 333:1289-1291.
Pirard, R., L. Dal Secco, and R. Warman. 2016. Do timber plantations contribute to forest conservation? Environmental Science & Policy 57:122-130.
Ralph, C. J., S. Droege, and J. R. Sauer. 1995. Monitoring bird populations by point counts. General Technical Report PSW-GTR-149, U.S. Dept of Agricultural Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, CA, USA.
Relyea, R. A. 2005. The impact of insecticides and herbicides on the biodiversity and productivity of aquatic communities. Ecological Applications 15:618-627.
Ricklefs, R. E. 1987. Community diversity: relative roles of local and regional processes. Science 235:167-171.
Rivers, J., J. Verschuyl, C. J. Schwarz, A. J. Kroll, and M. G. Betts. 2019. No evidence of a demographic response to experimental herbicide treatments by the White-crowned Sparrow, an early successional forest songbird. Condor 121:1-13.
Root, H. R., and M. G. Betts. 2016. Managing moist temperate forests for bioenergy and biodiversity. Journal of Forestry 114:66-74.
Root, H. T., J. Verschuyl, T. Stokely, P. Hammond, M. A. Scherr, and M. G. Betts. 2016. Plant diversity enhances moth diversity in an intensive forest management experiment. Ecological Applications 27:134-142.
Rose, R., and L. Rosner. 2005. Eighth-year response of Douglas-fir seedlings to area of weed control and herbaceous versus woody weed control. Annals of Forest Science 62:481-492.
Rose, R., L. S. Rosner, and J. S. Ketchum. 2006. Twelfth-year response of Douglas-fir to area of weed control and herbaceous versus woody weed control treatments. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36:2464-2473.
Russell, R. E., J. A. Royle, V. A. Saab, J. F. Lehmkuhl, W. M. Block, and J. R. Sauer. 2009. Modeling the effects of environmental disturbance on wildlife communities: avian responses to prescribed fire. Ecological Applications 19:1253-1263.
Sedjo, R. A. 1999. The potential of high-yield plantation forestry for meeting timber needs. New Forests 17:339-359.
Shatford, J. P. A., D. E. Hibbs, and K. J. Puettman. 2007. Conifer regeneration after forest fire in the Klamath-Siskiyous: how much, how soon? Journal of Forestry 105:139-146.
Stokely, T., J. Verschuyl, J. Hagar, and M. G. Betts. 2018. Herbicides and herbivory interact to drive plant community and crop-tree establishment. Ecological Applications 28:2011-2023.
Swanson, M. E., N. M. Studevant, J. L. Campbell, and D. C. Donato. 2014. Biological associates of early-seral pre-forest in the Pacific Northwest. Forest Ecology and Management 324:160-171.
Swenson, J. J., and R. H. Waring. 2006. Modelled photosynthesis predicts woody plant richness at three geographic scales across the north-western United States. Global Ecology and Biogeography 15:470-485.
Talbert, C., and D. Marshall. 2005. Plantation productivity in the Douglas-fir region under intensive silvicultural practices: results from research and operations. Journal of Forestry 103:65-70.
Thomas, J. W., J. F. Franklin, J. Gordon, and K. N. Johnson. 2006. The Northwest Forest Plan: origins, components, implementation experience, and suggestions for change. Conservation Biology 20:277-287.
Tittler, R., C. Messier, and A. Fall. 2012. Concentrating anthropogenic disturbance to balance ecological and economic values: applications to forest management. Ecological Applications 22:1268-1277.
Tscharntke, T., et al. 2012. Landscape moderation of biodiversity patterns and processes-eight hypotheses. Biological Review of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 87:661-685.
United States Census Bureau. 2019. Construction spending. United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/construction/c30/c30index.html. Accessed August 19, 2019.
Vance, E. D., D. A. Maguire, and R. S. Zalesny, Jr. 2010. Research strategies for increasing productivity of intensively managed forest plantations. Journal of Forestry 108:183-192.
Yin, D., and F. He. 2014. A simple method for estimating species abundance from occurrence maps. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 5:336-343.
Zipkin, E. F., A. DeWan, and J. A. Royle. 2009. Impacts of forest fragmentation on species richness: a hierarchical approach to community modelling. Journal of Applied Ecology 46:815-822.