To what extent does severity of loneliness vary among different mental health diagnostic groups: A cross-sectional study.
common mental disorders
discrimination
loneliness
personality disorders
psychosis
stigma
Journal
International journal of mental health nursing
ISSN: 1447-0349
Titre abrégé: Int J Ment Health Nurs
Pays: Australia
ID NLM: 101140527
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Oct 2020
Oct 2020
Historique:
accepted:
29
03
2020
pubmed:
2
5
2020
medline:
29
7
2021
entrez:
2
5
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Loneliness is a common and debilitating problem in individuals with mental health disorders. However, our knowledge on severity of loneliness in different mental health diagnostic groups and factors associated with loneliness is poor, thus limiting the ability to target and improve loneliness interventions. The current study investigated the association between diagnoses and loneliness and explored whether psychological and social factors were related to loneliness. This study employed a cross-sectional design using data from a completed study which developed a measure of social inclusion. It included 192 participants from secondary, specialist mental health services with a primary diagnosis of psychotic disorders (n = 106), common mental disorders (n = 49), or personality disorders (n = 37). The study explored differences in loneliness between these broad diagnostic groups, and the relationship to loneliness of: affective symptoms, social isolation, perceived discrimination, and internalized stigma. The study adhered to the STROBE checklist for observational research. People with common mental disorders (MD = 3.94, CI = 2.15 to 5.72, P < 0.001) and people with personality disorders (MD = 4.96, CI = 2.88 to 7.05, P < 0.001) reported higher levels of loneliness compared to people with psychosis. These differences remained significant after adjustment for all psychological and social variables. Perceived discrimination and internalized stigma were also independently associated with loneliness and substantially contributed to a final explanatory model. The severity of loneliness varies between different mental health diagnostic groups. Both people with common mental disorders and personality disorders reported higher levels of loneliness than people with psychosis. Addressing perceived mental health discrimination and stigma may help to reduce loneliness.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
921-934Subventions
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
ID : 203618/Z/16/Z
Pays : United Kingdom
Informations de copyright
© 2020 Australian College of Mental Health Nurses Inc.
Références
Allen, R., Carr, S., Linde, K. & Sewell, H. (2016). Social Work for Better Mental Health: A Strategic Statement. London: Department of Health.
Anderson, C. A. & Harvey, R. J. (1988). Brief report: Discriminating between problems in living: An examination of measures of depression, loneliness, shyness, and social anxiety. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 6(3-4), 482-491.
Borge, L., Martinsen, E. W., Ruud, T., Watne, Ø. & Friis, S. (1999). Quality of life, loneliness, and social contact among long-term psychiatric patients. Psychiatric Services, 50(1), 81-84.
Brohan, E., Clement, S., Rose, D., Sartorius, N., Slade, M. & Thornicroft, G. (2013). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Discrimination and Stigma Scale (DISC). Psychiatry Research, 208(1), 33-40.
Cacioppo, J. T., Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Hawkley, L. C. & Thisted, R. A. (2006). Loneliness as a specific risk factor for depressive symptoms: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Psychology and Aging, 21(1), 140.
Chrostek, A., Grygiel, P., Anczewska, M., Wciórka, J. & Świtaj, P. (2016). The intensity and correlates of the feelings of loneliness in people with psychosis. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 70, 190-199.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. New York: Routledge.
Dinos, S., Stevens, S., Serfaty, M., Weich, S. & King, M. (2004). Stigma: the feelings and experiences of 46 people with mental illness: qualitative study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 184(2), 176-181.
Dormann, C. F., Elith, J., Bacher, S. et al. (2013). Collinearity: a review of methods to deal with it and a simulation study evaluating their performance. Ecography, 36(1), 27-46.
Ernst, J. M. & Cacioppo, J. T. (1999). Lonely hearts: Psychological perspectives on loneliness. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 8(1), 1-22.
Giacco, D., Palumbo, C., Strappelli, N., Catapano, F. & Priebe, S. (2016). Social contacts and loneliness in people with psychotic and mood disorders. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 66, 59-66.
Griffin, J. (2010). The lonely society? London: Mental Health Foundation. http://www.its-services.org.uk/silo/files/the-lonely-society.Pdf.
Hays, R. D. & DiMatteo, M. R. (1987). A short-form measure of loneliness. Journal of Personality Assessment, 51(1), 69-81.
Heinrich, L. M. & Gullone, E. (2006). The clinical significance of loneliness: A literature review. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(6), 695-718.
Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., Baker, M., Harris, T. & Stephenson, D. (2015). Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: a meta-analytic review. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(2), 227-237.
Lauder, W., Sharkey, S. & Mummery, K. (2004). A community survey of loneliness. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 46(1), 88-94.
Leigh-Hunt, N., Bagguley, D., Bash, K. et al. (2017). An overview of systematic reviews on the public health consequences of social isolation and loneliness. Public Health, 152, 157-171.
Liebke, L., Bungert, M., Thome, J. et al. (2017). Loneliness, social networks, and social functioning in borderline personality disorder. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 8(4), 349.
Lim, M. H., Gleeson, J. F., Alvarez-Jimenez, M. & Penn, D. L. (2018). Loneliness in psychosis: a systematic review. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 53(3), 221-238.
Luanaigh, C. Ó. & Lawlor, B. A. (2008). Loneliness and the health of older people. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry: A Journal of the Psychiatry of Late Life and Allied Sciences, 23(12), 1213-1221.
Mann, F., Bone, J. K., Lloyd-Evans, B. et al. (2017). A life less lonely: the state of the art in interventions to reduce loneliness in people with mental health problems. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 52(6), 627-638.
Marshall, J. R. (1991). Social phobia: Helping patients who are disabled by fear. Postgraduate Medicine, 90(8), 187-194.
Meltzer, H., Bebbington, P., Dennis, M. S., Jenkins, R., McManus, S. & Brugha, T. S. (2013). Feelings of loneliness among adults with mental disorder. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 48(1), 5-13.
Mezey, G., White, S., Thachil, A. et al. (2013). Development and preliminary validation of a measure of social inclusion for use in people with mental health problems: The SInQUE. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 59(5), 501-507.
Mezey, G., White, S., Harrison, I. et al. (2020). Validity, reliability, acceptability, and utility of the Social Inclusion Questionnaire User Experience (SInQUE): a clinical tool to facilitate social inclusion amongst people with severe mental health problems. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 1-12. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00127-019-01826-3.
Overall, J. E. & Gorham, D. R. (1962). The brief psychiatric rating scale. Psychological Reports, 10(3), 799-812.
Perivoliotis, D. & Cather, C. (2009). Cognitive behavioral therapy of negative symptoms. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(8), 815-830.
Perlman, D. & Peplau, L. A. (1981). Toward a social psychology of loneliness. In: S. Duck & R. Gilmour (Eds). Personal Relationships in Disorder. San Diego: Academic Press.
Perlman, D. & Peplau, L. A. (1982). Theoretical approaches to loneliness. In Loneliness: A Sourcebook of Current Theory, Research and Therapy (pp. 123-134).
Pinfold, V., Sweet, D., Porter, I. et al. (2015). Improving community health networks for people with severe mental illness: a case study investigation. Health Services and Delivery Research, 3(5), 1-234
Priebe, S., Watzke, S., Hansson, L. & Burns, T. (2008). Objective social outcomes index (SIX): a method to summarise objective indicators of social outcomes in mental health care. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 118(1), 57-63.
Qualter, P., Vanhalst, J., Harris, R. et al. (2015). Loneliness across the life span. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(2), 250-264.
Stednitz, J. N. & Epkins, C. C. (2006). Girls' and mothers' social anxiety, social skills, and loneliness: Associations after accounting for depressive symptoms. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 35(1), 148-154.
Teo, A. R., Marsh, H. E., Forsberg, C. W. et al. (2018). Loneliness is closely associated with depression outcomes and suicidal ideation among military veterans in primary care. Journal of Affective Disorders, 230, 42-49.
Thornicroft, G., Brohan, E., Rose, D., Sartorius, N., Leese, M., & INDIGO Study Group (2009). Global pattern of experienced and anticipated discrimination against people with schizophrenia: a cross-sectional survey. The Lancet, 373(9661), 408-415.
Ventura, J., Green, M. F., Shaner, A. & Liberman, R. P. (1993). Training and quality assurance with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale:" the drift busters.". International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 3, 221-244.
Wang, J. (2018). Loneliness and mental health in a randomised controlled trial of a peer-provided self-management intervention for people leaving crisis resolution teams (Doctoral dissertation, UCL (University College London)).
Wang, J., Mann, F., Lloyd-Evans, B., Ma, R. & Johnson, S. (2018). Associations between loneliness and perceived social support and outcomes of mental health problems: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry, 18(1), 156.
Zavaleta, D. & Samuel, K. (2014). Social isolation: A conceptual and measurement proposal.