Estimating the Population Size of Female Sex Workers in Zimbabwe: Comparison of Estimates Obtained Using Different Methods in Twenty Sites and Development of a National-Level Estimate.


Journal

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
ISSN: 1944-7884
Titre abrégé: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 100892005

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
01 09 2020
Historique:
pubmed: 8 5 2020
medline: 18 3 2021
entrez: 8 5 2020
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

National-level population size estimates (PSEs) for hidden populations are required for HIV programming and modelling. Various estimation methods are available at the site-level, but it remains unclear which are optimal and how best to obtain national-level estimates. Zimbabwe. Using 2015-2017 data from respondent-driven sampling (RDS) surveys among female sex workers (FSW) aged 18+ years, mappings, and program records, we calculated PSEs for each of the 20 sites across Zimbabwe, using up to 3 methods per site (service and unique object multipliers, census, and capture-recapture). We compared estimates from different methods, and calculated site medians. We estimated prevalence of sex work at each site using census data available on the number of 15-49-year-old women, generated a list of all "hotspot" sites for sex work nationally, and matched sites into strata in which the prevalence of sex work from sites with PSEs was applied to those without. Directly and indirectly estimated PSEs for all hotspot sites were summed to provide a national-level PSE, incorporating an adjustment accounting for sex work outside hotspots. Median site PSEs ranged from 12,863 in Harare to 247 in a rural growth-point. Multiplier methods produced the highest PSEs. We identified 55 hotspots estimated to include 95% of all FSW. FSW nationally were estimated to number 40,491, 1.23% of women aged 15-49 years, (plausibility bounds 28,177-58,797, 0.86-1.79%, those under 18 considered sexually exploited minors). There are large numbers of FSW estimated in Zimbabwe. Uncertainty in population size estimation should be reflected in policy-making.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND
National-level population size estimates (PSEs) for hidden populations are required for HIV programming and modelling. Various estimation methods are available at the site-level, but it remains unclear which are optimal and how best to obtain national-level estimates.
SETTING
Zimbabwe.
METHODS
Using 2015-2017 data from respondent-driven sampling (RDS) surveys among female sex workers (FSW) aged 18+ years, mappings, and program records, we calculated PSEs for each of the 20 sites across Zimbabwe, using up to 3 methods per site (service and unique object multipliers, census, and capture-recapture). We compared estimates from different methods, and calculated site medians. We estimated prevalence of sex work at each site using census data available on the number of 15-49-year-old women, generated a list of all "hotspot" sites for sex work nationally, and matched sites into strata in which the prevalence of sex work from sites with PSEs was applied to those without. Directly and indirectly estimated PSEs for all hotspot sites were summed to provide a national-level PSE, incorporating an adjustment accounting for sex work outside hotspots.
RESULTS
Median site PSEs ranged from 12,863 in Harare to 247 in a rural growth-point. Multiplier methods produced the highest PSEs. We identified 55 hotspots estimated to include 95% of all FSW. FSW nationally were estimated to number 40,491, 1.23% of women aged 15-49 years, (plausibility bounds 28,177-58,797, 0.86-1.79%, those under 18 considered sexually exploited minors).
CONCLUSION
There are large numbers of FSW estimated in Zimbabwe. Uncertainty in population size estimation should be reflected in policy-making.

Identifiants

pubmed: 32379082
doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002393
pmc: PMC7417013
pii: 00126334-202009010-00006
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

30-38

Subventions

Organisme : NCHHSTP CDC HHS
ID : U2G PS003118
Pays : United States
Organisme : PEPFAR
Pays : United States

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Auteurs

Elizabeth Fearon (E)

Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.

Sungai T Chabata (ST)

Centre for Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS Research Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Sitholubuhle Magutshwa (S)

Centre for Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS Research Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Tendayi Ndori-Mharadze (T)

Centre for Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS Research Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Sithembile Musemburi (S)

Centre for Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS Research Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Henry Chidawanyika (H)

RTI International, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Absolom Masendeke (A)

RTI International, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Sue Napierala (S)

Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, San Francisco, CA.

Elizabeth Gonese (E)

Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Amy Herman Roloff (A)

Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Beth A Tippett Barr (BA)

Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Peter H Kilmarx (PH)

Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Ramona Wong-Gruenwald (R)

Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit, Eschborn, Germany.

Samson Chidiya (S)

United States Agency for International Development, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Mutsa Mhangara (M)

United States Agency for International Development, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Dagmar Hanisch (D)

United Nations Population Fund, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Jessie K Edwards (JK)

Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.

Brian Rice (B)

Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.

Isaac Taramusi (I)

National AIDS Council, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Tendai Mbengeranwa (T)

National AIDS Council, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Portia Manangazira (P)

AIDS and TB Programme, Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe; and.

Owen Mugurungi (O)

AIDS and TB Programme, Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe; and.

James R Hargreaves (JR)

Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.

Frances M Cowan (FM)

Centre for Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS Research Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

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