Exploring geographical variations and inequalities in access to improved water and sanitation in Ethiopia: mapping and spatial analysis.
Access inequalities
DHS
Environmental analysis
Environmental hazard
Environmental health
Environmental risk assessment
Environmental science
Epidemiology
Ethiopia
Improved sanitation
Improved water
Inequality
Journal
Heliyon
ISSN: 2405-8440
Titre abrégé: Heliyon
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101672560
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Apr 2020
Apr 2020
Historique:
received:
21
05
2019
revised:
15
11
2019
accepted:
20
04
2020
entrez:
9
5
2020
pubmed:
10
5
2020
medline:
10
5
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Ensuring access to improved water and sanitation remains a public health challenge in Ethiopia. Exploring access to improved drinking-water supply and sanitation will help to track the progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. The aim of this study was to explore geographical variations and inequalities in access to improved drinking water and sanitation in Ethiopia. A total of 16,650 households from 643 enumeration areas of the recent Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data were extracted and included in the analysis. World Health Organization recommended definitions were used to measure indicators of improved drinking water and sanitation at enumeration areas. SaTScan™ software was used for spatial analysis using enumeration areas as centers for exploring geographical variations of improved water and sanitation. Absolute and relative inequalities were used to quantify regional inequalities in access to improved water and sanitation. Nationwide access to improved drinking water and sanitation in Ethiopia was 49.6% (95% CI: 48.4-50.7) and 6.3% (5.8-6.8), respectively, with large variations between and within regions (using the categories and definitions that were in effect for monitoring coverage in 2016). Access to improved drinking water ranged from 28.5% in Somali Region to 95.3% in Addis Ababa city whereas access to improved sanitation ranged from 1.7% in Amhara Region to 24% in Dire Dawa city. Households lacking access to improved water and sanitation were clustered in northern (Amhara Region) and southern (Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region) parts of Ethiopia. Most enumeration areas had very low level of access to improved drinking water and/or sanitation. This analysis demonstrated the existence of geographical variations and inequalities in access to improved drinking water and sanitation in Ethiopia. Therefore strategies to improve access for safe drinking water and sanitation should consider geographical variations and inequalities at a subnational scale.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32382680
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03828
pii: S2405-8440(20)30673-3
pii: e03828
pmc: PMC7198916
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
e03828Informations de copyright
© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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