Targeting Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway by Natural Products: Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases.
Alzheimer's disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Huntington disease
Multiple myeloma
Parkinson's disease
neurodegenerative diseases
polyphenols
ubiquitin-proteasome pathway
Journal
Frontiers in physiology
ISSN: 1664-042X
Titre abrégé: Front Physiol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101549006
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2020
2020
Historique:
received:
20
08
2019
accepted:
27
03
2020
entrez:
16
5
2020
pubmed:
16
5
2020
medline:
16
5
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Misfolded proteins are the main common feature of neurodegenerative diseases, thereby, normal proteostasis is an important mechanism to regulate the neural survival and the central nervous system functionality. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a non-lysosomal proteolytic pathway involved in numerous normal functions of the nervous system, modulation of neurotransmitter release, synaptic plasticity, and recycling of membrane receptors or degradation of damaged and regulatory intracellular proteins. Aberrant accumulation of intracellular ubiquitin-positive inclusions has been implicated to a variety of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington disease (HD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Multiple Myeloma (MM). Genetic mutation in deubiquitinating enzyme could disrupt UPS and results in destructive effects on neuron survival. To date, various agents were characterized with proteasome-inhibitory potential. Proteins of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and in particular, E3 ubiquitin ligases, may be promising molecular targets for neurodegenerative drug discovery. Phytochemicals, specifically polyphenols (PPs), were reported to act as proteasome-inhibitors or may modulate the proteasome activity. PPs modify the UPS by means of accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, suppression of neuronal apoptosis, reduction of neurotoxicity, and improvement of synaptic plasticity and transmission. This is the first comprehensive review on the effect of PPs on UPS. Here, we review the recent findings describing various aspects of UPS dysregulation in neurodegenerative disorders. This review attempts to summarize the latest reports on the neuroprotective properties involved in the proper functioning of natural polyphenolic compounds with implication for targeting ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in the neurodegenerative diseases. We highlight the evidence suggesting that polyphenolic compounds have a dose and disorder dependent effects in improving neurological dysfunctions, and so their mechanism of action could stimulate the UPS, induce the protein degradation or inhibit UPS and reduce protein degradation. Future studies should focus on molecular mechanisms by which PPs can interfere this complex regulatory system at specific stages of the disease development and progression.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32411012
doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00361
pmc: PMC7199656
doi:
Types de publication
Systematic Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
361Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2020 Momtaz, Memariani, El-Senduny, Sanadgol, Golab, Katebi, Abdolghaffari, Farzaei and Abdollahi.
Références
Neurobiol Aging. 2006 Apr;27(4):524-9
pubmed: 16213628
Nature. 2004 Apr 1;428(6982):1 p following 486
pubmed: 15058298
J Neurochem. 2010 Sep;114(6):1819-26
pubmed: 20698932
Nutr Neurosci. 2019 Jul;22(7):453-463
pubmed: 29325505
J Biol Chem. 2009 Mar 20;284(12):8083-92
pubmed: 19112176
Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2009 Apr-May;24(2):95-121
pubmed: 19116299
Cell. 2002 Dec 27;111(7):1041-54
pubmed: 12507430
Sci Rep. 2016 Jun 06;6:26979
pubmed: 27264969
J Cell Mol Med. 2008 Apr;12(2):363-73
pubmed: 18266959
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Jan;6(1):79-87
pubmed: 15688069
Neuron. 2011 Oct 20;72(2):257-68
pubmed: 21944779
Front Biosci. 2007 Jan 01;12:1935-45
pubmed: 17127432
Trends Cell Biol. 2018 Jan;28(1):1-3
pubmed: 29191367
Nature. 2011 Aug 21;477(7363):211-5
pubmed: 21857683
Free Radic Biol Med. 2014 Oct;75:156-66
pubmed: 25091899
Clin Cancer Res. 2003 Mar;9(3):1136-44
pubmed: 12631619
J Biol Chem. 2001 Apr 20;276(16):13322-30
pubmed: 11278274
Cancer Control. 2003 Sep-Oct;10(5):361-9
pubmed: 14581890
Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1893-7
pubmed: 10583945
Neurobiol Dis. 2006 Jul;23(1):120-6
pubmed: 16713278
Nature. 2007 Aug 9;448(7154):704-8
pubmed: 17687326
Mol Immunol. 1999 Feb;36(3):187-95
pubmed: 10403484
N Engl J Med. 1996 Jul 11;335(2):91-7
pubmed: 8649495
Lancet Neurol. 2016 Jul;15(8):801-810
pubmed: 27302362
J Biol Chem. 2010 Jul 16;285(29):21978-87
pubmed: 20466727
J Cell Sci. 2011 Apr 1;124(Pt 7):1115-25
pubmed: 21385841
Nature. 2014 Aug 7;512(7512):49-53
pubmed: 25043012
Pharmacogn Rev. 2013 Jul;7(14):81-91
pubmed: 24347915
J Neurochem. 2009 Nov;111(3):696-702
pubmed: 19694908
In Vivo. 2016 09-10;30(5):535-47
pubmed: 27566070
J Ethnopharmacol. 2017 Jul 12;206:408-425
pubmed: 28214539
Mol Cell Biol. 2003 Dec;23(23):8786-94
pubmed: 14612418
Curr Med Chem. 2008;15(1):47-60
pubmed: 18220762
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Mar;1813(3):448-55
pubmed: 21232561
Nat Neurosci. 2010 Nov;13(11):1396-403
pubmed: 20953194
Biomed Pharmacother. 2019 Mar;111:765-777
pubmed: 30612001
Curr Alzheimer Res. 2012 Mar;9(3):267-77
pubmed: 22044025
Cancer Res. 2006 Sep 1;66(17):8477-83
pubmed: 16951159
Science. 2002 Oct 25;298(5594):789-91
pubmed: 12399581
Am J Pathol. 2012 Oct;181(4):1426-35
pubmed: 22867711
Oncol Rep. 2006 Mar;15(3):539-43
pubmed: 16465409
Neurogenetics. 2008 Jul;9(3):219-23
pubmed: 18414909
Mol Neurodegener. 2009 Jun 04;4:23
pubmed: 19497122
Science. 2009 Feb 27;323(5918):1208-1211
pubmed: 19251628
Neurochem Int. 2015 Oct;89:198-208
pubmed: 26163045
J Neurochem. 2012 Feb;120(3):350-70
pubmed: 22098618
Neurochem Int. 2011 Mar;58(4):458-71
pubmed: 21215781
J Cell Sci. 2016 Mar 1;129(5):875-80
pubmed: 26906419
J Biol Chem. 2003 May 16;278(20):17593-6
pubmed: 12665525
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2016 Sep;73(18):3497-506
pubmed: 27137187
J Alzheimers Dis. 2015;47(4):1009-19
pubmed: 26401779
J Biol Chem. 2009 Feb 27;284(9):5742-52
pubmed: 19106094
Chem Biol Interact. 2016 Oct 25;258:197-204
pubmed: 27613482
Hum Mol Genet. 2009 Jan 1;18(1):82-96
pubmed: 18826962
Hum Mol Genet. 2010 Apr 15;19(R1):R21-7
pubmed: 20421364
Molecules. 2017 Jan 19;22(1):
pubmed: 28106854
Clin Ther. 2012 Jul;34(7):1487-504
pubmed: 22749259
Blood. 2007 Mar 1;109(5):2100-5
pubmed: 17095627
Hum Mol Genet. 2001 Apr 15;10(9):919-26
pubmed: 11309365
Neurosci Lett. 2019 Jun 11;703:68-78
pubmed: 30890471
Blood. 2004 Dec 1;104(12):3697-704
pubmed: 15292061
Antioxidants (Basel). 2017 Sep 26;6(4):
pubmed: 28954417
Genes Dev. 1998 Apr 1;12(7):982-95
pubmed: 9531536
Front Pharmacol. 2018 Apr 19;9:377
pubmed: 29725300
J Neurogenet. 2010 Mar;24(1):18-26
pubmed: 20131966
Front Aging Neurosci. 2017 Jun 07;9:175
pubmed: 28638339
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2015 Mar 6;458(2):227-33
pubmed: 25623535
Mol Neurobiol. 2017 Nov;54(9):7028-7041
pubmed: 27796744
Prog Neurobiol. 2013 Jun;105:49-59
pubmed: 23528736
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015 Jan;1855(1):50-60
pubmed: 25481052
Cancer Res. 2001 Apr 1;61(7):3071-6
pubmed: 11306489
J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2020 Jan;34(1):e22416
pubmed: 31714633
EMBO J. 2001 Sep 17;20(18):5187-96
pubmed: 11566882
Nature. 2008 Jul 10;454(7201):226-31
pubmed: 18568025
Neurotoxicology. 2018 Jul;67:190-205
pubmed: 29723552
Nat Genet. 2008 May;40(5):572-4
pubmed: 18372902
J Biol Chem. 2008 Jul 18;283(29):20288-98
pubmed: 18502751
J Biol Chem. 2011 Jul 15;286(28):25108-17
pubmed: 21454471
EMBO J. 1997 Feb 3;16(3):566-77
pubmed: 9034339
Nature. 1993 Mar 4;362(6415):59-62
pubmed: 8446170
Cell. 2006 Aug 25;126(4):775-88
pubmed: 16923396
Pharmacol Res. 2018 Mar;129:115-127
pubmed: 29208493
Neurochem Int. 2011 Jun;58(7):839-49
pubmed: 21419185
Immunity. 1996 Dec;5(6):563-74
pubmed: 8986716
Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2014 Apr;34(3):315-22
pubmed: 24363091
J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2017;4(4):255-263
pubmed: 29181491
Parkinsons Dis. 2014;2014:878935
pubmed: 24804146
J Biol Chem. 2013 Jun 7;288(23):16937-48
pubmed: 23599427
PLoS One. 2010 Oct 27;5(10):e13654
pubmed: 21048919
J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2014 Sep;9(4):569-81
pubmed: 24946862
Fitoterapia. 2015 Oct;106:12-21
pubmed: 26254971
Brain Res. 2006 May 4;1087(1):28-32
pubmed: 16626667
Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1888-93
pubmed: 10583944
Mol Cell. 2004 Mar 26;13(6):879-86
pubmed: 15053880
Protein Eng Des Sel. 2017 Jun 1;30(6):431-440
pubmed: 28475686
Science. 2014 Jan 17;343(6168):301-5
pubmed: 24292625
Curr Top Med Chem. 2016;16(17):1951-60
pubmed: 26845555
J Alzheimers Dis. 2011;25(2):187-208
pubmed: 21368374
Blood. 2004 May 1;103(9):3511-5
pubmed: 14726396
Oncogene. 2005 Dec 1;24(54):8080-4
pubmed: 16027725
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Feb;1842(2):127-34
pubmed: 24215712
J Drug Metab Toxicol. 2015;6(4):
pubmed: 30761219
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Feb 26;110(9):3489-94
pubmed: 23359680
Muscle Nerve. 2012 Dec;46(6):861-70
pubmed: 22996383
J Neuroinflammation. 2017 Jan 3;14(1):1
pubmed: 28086917
Curr Med Chem. 2017;24(38):4245-4266
pubmed: 28738770
N Engl J Med. 2010 Jan 28;362(4):329-44
pubmed: 20107219
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010 Jan;1802(1):29-44
pubmed: 19733240
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Feb;8(2):101-12
pubmed: 17245412
J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008 Feb;28(1):110-3
pubmed: 18204357
Neuron. 2010 Dec 9;68(5):857-64
pubmed: 21145000
Biochem Soc Trans. 2010 Aug;38(4):955-61
pubmed: 20658984
Rev Neurol (Paris). 2018 Nov;174(9):628-643
pubmed: 30245141
Mol Pharmacol. 2002 Aug;62(2):351-8
pubmed: 12130688
Science. 1997 Jan 24;275(5299):540-3
pubmed: 8999800
Annu Rev Biochem. 2009;78:363-97
pubmed: 19489724
Arch Biochem Biophys. 2010 Aug 15;500(2):181-8
pubmed: 20478262
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Nov 7;97(23):12625-30
pubmed: 11035797
Cell Biochem Biophys. 2013 Sep;67(1):45-53
pubmed: 23695785
Curr Biol. 2000 Jan 27;10(2):R84-7
pubmed: 10662664
Brain Res. 2015 Feb 9;1597:37-46
pubmed: 25511991
Science. 2009 Feb 27;323(5918):1205-8
pubmed: 19251627
Clin Med (Lond). 2016 Jun;16(3):247-53
pubmed: 27251914
Alzheimers Res Ther. 2012 Oct 29;4(5):43
pubmed: 23107780
J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2013 May;52(3):215-27
pubmed: 23704811
Daru. 2019 Dec;27(2):557-570
pubmed: 31264184
J Pathol. 2003 Feb;199(2):259-66
pubmed: 12533840
J Virol. 2007 Apr;81(7):3142-50
pubmed: 17229707
J Biol Chem. 1996 Aug 9;271(32):19385-94
pubmed: 8702625
Brain Res. 2014 Mar 25;1555:60-77
pubmed: 24502982
Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2017 May 20;63(5):94-96
pubmed: 28719358
Curr Drug Metab. 2018;19(5):429-442
pubmed: 29512453
PLoS One. 2009;4(2):e4597
pubmed: 19242547
J Agric Food Chem. 2010 Apr 14;58(7):4477-86
pubmed: 20302373
Hum Mol Genet. 2010 Sep 1;19(17):3440-56
pubmed: 20570967
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Sep 2;100(18):10231-6
pubmed: 12925736
J Clin Invest. 2009 Mar;119(3):650-60
pubmed: 19229105
J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2009 Oct;68(10):1073-83
pubmed: 19918119
Front Mol Neurosci. 2017 Jul 18;10:220
pubmed: 28769757
Cell. 1994 Sep 9;78(5):761-71
pubmed: 8087844
Nature. 2010 Sep 9;467(7312):179-84
pubmed: 20829789
Neurosci Lett. 1991 Aug 19;129(2):233-6
pubmed: 1660578
Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1882-8
pubmed: 10583943
Autophagy. 2018;14(7):1280-1282
pubmed: 29929426
Ann Neurol. 2010 Jun;67(6):739-48
pubmed: 20517935
J Alzheimers Dis. 2004 Feb;6(1):79-92
pubmed: 15004330
Mol Neurobiol. 2012 Aug;46(1):41-54
pubmed: 22361852
Prog Neurobiol. 2012 Jan;96(1):87-95
pubmed: 22138392
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2001 May 1;50(1):183-93
pubmed: 11316563
Neurotherapeutics. 2018 Apr;15(2):430-438
pubmed: 29352425
Curr Alzheimer Res. 2012 Jun;9(5):606-15
pubmed: 22299711
Blood. 2014 Jan 30;123(5):706-16
pubmed: 24319254
J Biol Chem. 2004 Mar 19;279(12):11680-5
pubmed: 14701837
Front Aging Neurosci. 2016 Dec 15;8:303
pubmed: 28018215
CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2018;17(10):767-779
pubmed: 30033879
Genomics. 2004 Jan;83(1):130-9
pubmed: 14667816
Future Oncol. 2007 Apr;3(2):191-9
pubmed: 17381419
Blood. 2006 Jun 15;107(12):4907-16
pubmed: 16507771
J Neurochem. 2012 Mar;120(6):1129-38
pubmed: 22212137
Curr Opin Neurol. 2012 Aug;25(4):433-47
pubmed: 22691758
Curr Med Chem. 2015;22(8):1004-15
pubmed: 25515512
J Cell Physiol. 2019 Nov;234(11):20900-20914
pubmed: 31004355
Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015 Dec 21;10:23-42
pubmed: 26730179
J Neurochem. 2005 Sep;94(5):1212-24
pubmed: 16045448
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2007 Sep;64(17):2219-33
pubmed: 17604998
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Oct 10;103(41):15091-6
pubmed: 17015834
Oncogene. 2008 Jun 12;27(26):3739-45
pubmed: 18212736
Expert Rev Neurother. 2015 Jun;15(6):629-37
pubmed: 26035622
Oncotarget. 2015 Dec 15;6(40):42590-602
pubmed: 26460955
Adv Immunol. 2002;80:1-70
pubmed: 12078479
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2010 Apr;81(4):385-90
pubmed: 19710046
Curr Med Chem. 2016;23(36):4151-4174
pubmed: 27516197
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Sep 15;95(19):11324-9
pubmed: 9736735
J Nutr Biochem. 2017 Jan;39:15-21
pubmed: 27741433
Immun Ageing. 2013 Jul 11;10(1):28
pubmed: 23842073
Mol Cell. 2003 May;11(5):1177-88
pubmed: 12769843
Nat Rev Neurol. 2011 Oct 11;7(11):639-49
pubmed: 21989247
Prog Neurobiol. 2012 May;97(2):101-26
pubmed: 22033150
Neurodegener Dis. 2014;14(4):161-75
pubmed: 25413678
J Nutr Biochem. 2010 May;21(5):397-404
pubmed: 19278846
Food Chem Toxicol. 2018 Oct;120:183-195
pubmed: 29981370
J Neurochem. 2002 Dec;83(5):1030-42
pubmed: 12437574
Mol Pharmacol. 2007 Jan;71(1):30-7
pubmed: 17008387
Med Res Rev. 2019 Mar;39(2):733-748
pubmed: 30101496
Clin Cancer Res. 2003 Feb;9(2):820-6
pubmed: 12576455
Curr Drug Targets. 2017;18(13):1499-1517
pubmed: 27829351
Free Radic Biol Med. 2010 Nov 1;49(8):1283-9
pubmed: 20673799
FEBS Lett. 2009 Feb 18;583(4):633-7
pubmed: 19166841
Mol Cell Biol. 1995 May;15(5):2809-18
pubmed: 7739562
Trends Neurosci. 2015 Jan;38(1):26-35
pubmed: 25282404
Phytother Res. 2006 Dec;20(12):1023-35
pubmed: 16909441
J Biol Chem. 2003 Apr 4;278(14):11753-9
pubmed: 12551928
J Neurosci. 2006 Apr 19;26(16):4277-88
pubmed: 16624948
J Biol Chem. 2011 Oct 14;286(41):35689-98
pubmed: 21852239
Arch Neurol. 2008 Mar;65(3):329-34
pubmed: 18332245
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2014 Jan;58(1):22-32
pubmed: 23881751
Cell. 1995 Jan 27;80(2):321-30
pubmed: 7834752
Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem. 2010 Dec 1;10(4):269-77
pubmed: 20868360
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jul 3;104(27):11441-6
pubmed: 17563363
Brain. 1991 Apr;114 ( Pt 2):775-88
pubmed: 1646064
Immunity. 2006 Aug;25(2):225-36
pubmed: 16919487
Neurobiol Aging. 2008 Nov;29(11):1607-18
pubmed: 17544172
Neurol Sci. 2019 Jan;40(1):13-23
pubmed: 30267336
Nat Commun. 2016 Apr 15;7:11253
pubmed: 27080313
Prog Neurobiol. 2012 Feb;96(2):190-207
pubmed: 22270043
J Biol Chem. 2006 Jan 20;281(3):1599-604
pubmed: 16282321
Exp Mol Med. 2013 Sep 06;45:e39
pubmed: 24008896
Neurology. 2015 Oct 20;85(16):1383-91
pubmed: 26362286
Trends Biochem Sci. 1996 Jun;21(6):208-14
pubmed: 8744354
Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2005 Feb;31(1):53-61
pubmed: 15634231
Nat Med. 2014 Nov;20(11):1242-53
pubmed: 25375928
Biochem Pharmacol. 2003 Sep 15;66(6):965-76
pubmed: 12963483
Nat Rev Cancer. 2012 Apr 12;12(5):335-48
pubmed: 22495321
Nat Immunol. 2006 Jul;7(7):773-82
pubmed: 16767092
Blood. 2002 Jun 1;99(11):4079-86
pubmed: 12010810
J Biol Chem. 2018 Jun 22;293(25):9580-9593
pubmed: 29700116
Nature. 2010 May 13;465(7295):223-6
pubmed: 20428114
Drug Discov Today Technol. 2017 Dec;26:25-31
pubmed: 29249239
Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2004 Jun;5(3):153-61
pubmed: 15180520
Mol Med. 2002 Jul;8(7):382-92
pubmed: 12393936
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Jul 18;372(1):57-61
pubmed: 18460339
Cancer Lett. 2018 Oct 10;434:101-113
pubmed: 30030139
Oncogene. 2008 May 15;27(22):3176-85
pubmed: 18071316
EMBO J. 2009 Feb 18;28(4):372-82
pubmed: 19153604
Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2015;16(3):211-8
pubmed: 25601606
J Neurol Sci. 2016 Aug 15;367:162-70
pubmed: 27423583
EMBO J. 1996 Sep 2;15(17):4682-90
pubmed: 8887559
Neurosci Lett. 2006 Mar 6;395(2):103-7
pubmed: 16356650
Mol Cell. 2003 May;11(5):1189-200
pubmed: 12769844
Breast Cancer Res. 2007;9(6):R80
pubmed: 18300387
Front Aging Neurosci. 2018 Apr 17;10:109
pubmed: 29719505
Cell Death Differ. 2006 Jan;13(1):96-108
pubmed: 15976810
Science. 1997 Sep 26;277(5334):1990-3
pubmed: 9302293
Blood. 2007 Jun 1;109(11):4995-5001
pubmed: 17303695
Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 2018 Nov 09;4:609-616
pubmed: 30480082
Trends Cell Biol. 2013 Mar;23(3):135-40
pubmed: 23182110
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Feb 1;102(5):1649-54
pubmed: 15668399
Lancet Neurol. 2008 May;7(5):409-16
pubmed: 18396105
Mol Cells. 1998 Oct 31;8(5):503-12
pubmed: 9856335
J Biol Chem. 2012 Dec 14;287(51):42984-94
pubmed: 23095749
Biotechnol Adv. 2018 Nov 1;36(6):1768-1778
pubmed: 29221764
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2016 Apr;1860(4):727-45
pubmed: 26802309
Science. 2010 Mar 12;327(5971):1345-50
pubmed: 20223979
Brain Res. 2007 Dec 12;1184:10-6
pubmed: 17950257
Clin Cancer Res. 2001 May;7(5):1419-28
pubmed: 11350913
Neurochem Int. 2007 Jul-Sep;51(2-4):105-11
pubmed: 17586089
Curr Biol. 1999 Jun 17;9(12):661-4
pubmed: 10375532
Ageing Res Rev. 2014 Nov;18:16-28
pubmed: 25062811
Pharmacol Res. 2015 Oct;100:296-308
pubmed: 26318266
Neurosci Res. 2011 Apr;69(4):343-7
pubmed: 21241746
Arch Biochem Biophys. 2000 Nov 1;383(1):1-16
pubmed: 11097171
Pharmacogn Rev. 2010 Jul;4(8):118-26
pubmed: 22228951
J Neurochem. 2004 Jun;89(6):1325-35
pubmed: 15189335
Science. 2006 Oct 6;314(5796):130-3
pubmed: 17023659
Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2018 May;96(5):521-526
pubmed: 29394494
J Biol Chem. 2005 Nov 11;280(45):37377-82
pubmed: 16162502
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2016 Jun;1862(6):1093-104
pubmed: 26964795
Autophagy. 2009 May;5(4):573-5
pubmed: 19398896