The Temporomandibular Joint: A Critical Review of Life-Support Functions, Development, Articular Surfaces, Biomechanics and Degeneration.
Journal
Journal of prosthodontics : official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists
ISSN: 1532-849X
Titre abrégé: J Prosthodont
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9301275
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Dec 2020
Dec 2020
Historique:
received:
01
05
2020
revised:
11
05
2020
accepted:
11
05
2020
pubmed:
20
5
2020
medline:
15
12
2020
entrez:
20
5
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The temporomandibular joint is a highly conserved articulation because it promotes survival and propagation via the essential functions of mastication, communication, and routine mating success (dentofacial esthetics). The temporomandibular joint is a unique secondary joint formed between the endochondral temporal bone and the mandibular secondary condylar cartilage via Indian hedgehog and bone morphogenetic protein signaling that is closely related to ear development. A dynamic epigenetic environment is provided by Spry1 and Spry2 genetic induction of the lateral pterygoid and temporalis muscles. Mechanical loading of the condylar periosteum during fetal development produces a superficial layer of fibrocartilage that separates from the condyle to form the interposed temporomandibular joint disc. The articular surfaces of the condyle and fossa are dynamically modified periosteum that has healing and regenerative capability. This unique tissue is composed of a superficial fibrous layer (synovial surface) with an underlying proliferative (cambium) layer that produces a cushioning layer of fibrocartilage which subsequently forms bone. Prior to occlusion of the first primary (deciduous) molars at about 16 months, facial development is dominated by primary genetic mechanisms. After achieving posterior functional occlusion, biomechanics enhances temporomandibular joint maturation, and assumes control of facial growth, development and adaptation. Concurrently, hypothalamus control of musculoskeletal physiology shifts from insulin-like growth factor IGF2 to IGF1, which affects bone via muscular loading (biomechanics). Three layers of temporomandibular joint fibrocartilage are resistant to heavy functional loading, but parafunctional clenching may result in degeneration that is first manifest as trabecular sclerosis of the mandibular condyle.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
772-779Informations de copyright
© 2020 by the American College of Prosthodontists.
Références
Highlander W: An experimental analysis of temporomandibular joint reaction forces in macaques. Am J Phys Anthropol 1979;51:433-456
Smith DM, McLachlan KR, McCall WD Jr: A numerical model of temporomandibular joint loading. J Dent Res 1986;65:1046-1052
Stocum DL, Roberts WE: Part I. Development and physiology of the temporomandibular joint. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2018;16:360-368
Roberts WE, Stocum DL: Part II. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)-Regeneration, degeneration, and adaptation. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2018;16:369-379
Purcell P, Joo BW, Hu JK, et al: Temporomandibular joint formation requires two distinct hedgehog-dependent steps. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009;106:18297-18302
Huja SS, Fernandez SA, Hill KJ, et al: Remodeling dynamics in the alveolar process in skeletally mature dogs. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol. 2006;288:1243-1249
Habib H, Hatta T, Rahman OI, et al: Fetal jaw movement affects development of articular disk in the temporomandibular joint. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2007;47:53-57
Purcell P, Jheon A, Vivero MP, et al: Spry1 and spry2 are essential for development of the temporomandibular joint. J Dent Res 2012;91:387-393
Nathan J, Ruscitto A, Pylawka S, et al: Fibrocartilage stem cells engraft and self-organize into vascularized bone. J Dent Res 2018;97:329-337
Hayashi H, Fujita T, Shirakura M, et al: Role of articular disc in condylar regeneration of the mandible. Exp Anim 2014;63:395-401
Helm NB, Padala S, Beck FM, et al: Short-term zoledronic acid reduces trabecular bone remodeling in dogs. Eur J Oral Sci 2010;118:460-465
Utreja A, Dyment NA, Yadav S, et al: Cell and matrix response of temporomandibular cartilage to mechanical loading. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016;24:335-344
Nickel JC, Iwasaki LR, Gonzalez YM, et al: Mechanobehavior and ontogenesis of the temporomandibular joint. J Dent Res 2018;97:1185-1192
Shibata S, Sakamoto Y, Yokohama-Tamaki T, et al: Distribution of matrix proteins in perichondrium and periosteum during the incorporation of Meckel's cartilage into ossifying mandible in midterm human fetuses: an immunochemical study. Anat Rec 2014;297:1208-1217
Zimmerman BK, Bonnevie ED, Park M, et al: Role of interstitial fluid pressurization in TMJ lubrication. J Dent Res 2015;94:85-92
Roberts WE. Bone physiology, metabolism and biomechanics in orthodontic practice, in Graber LW, Vanarsdall RL Jr., Vig KWL (eds): Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques (ed 5). St. Louis, Elsevier Mosby, 2012, pp 287-343
Detamore MS, Orfanos JG, Almarza AJ, et al: Quantitative analysis and comparative regional investigation of the extracellular matrix of the porcine temporomandibular joint disc. Matrix Biol 2005;24:45-57
Savoldelli C, Bouchard PO, Loudad R, et al: Stress distribution in the temporo-mandibular joint discs during jaw closing: a high resolution three dimensional finite-element analysis. Surg Radiol Anat 2012;34:405-413
Scapino RP, Canham PB, Finlay HM, et al: The behavior of collagen fibers in stress relaxation and stress distribution in the jaw-joint disc of rabbits. Arch Oral Biol 1996;41:1039-1052
Ito MM, Kida MY: Morphological and biochemical reevaluation of the process of cavitation in the rat knee joint: cellular and cell strata alterations in the interzone. J Anat 2000;197:659-679
Frommer J: Prenatal development of the mandibular joint in mice. Anat Rec 1964;150:449-461
Shibukawa Y, Young B, Wu C, et al: Temporomandibular joint formation and condyle growth require Indian hedgehog signaling. Dev Dyn 2007;236:426-434
Liang W, Li X, Gao B, et al: Observing the development of the temporomandibular joint in embryonic and post-natal mice using various staining methods. Exp Ther Med 2016;11:481-489
Park JH, Tai K, Sato Y: Orthodontic treatment of a patient with severe crowding and unilateral fracture of the mandibular condyle. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2016;149:899-911
Kisner WH: Spontaneous posttraumatic mandibular regeneration. Plast Reconstr Surg 1980;66:442-447
Nwoku AL: Unusually rapid bone regeneration following mandibular resection. J Maxillofac Surg 1980;8:309-315
Boyne PJ: The restoration of resected mandible in children without the use of bone graft. Head Neck Surg 1983;6:626-631
Nagase M, Ueda K, Suzuki I, et al: Spontaneous regeneration of the condyle following hemimandibulectomy by disarticulation. J Maxillofac Surg 1985;43:218-220
Fujita T, Hayashi H, Shirakura M, et al: Regeneration of a condyle with a functional appliance. J Dent Res 2013;92:322-328
Sarnat BG: Some selected dental and jaw aberrations. Ann Plastic Surg 2006;57:453-461
Lee SK, Kim YS, Lim CY, et al: Prenatal growth pattern of the human maxilla. Acta Anat (Basel) 1992;145:1-10
Smartt JM Jr, Low DW, Bartlett SP: The pediatric mandible. I. A primer on growth and development. Plast Reconstr Surg 2005;116:14e-23e
Hylander WL, Ravosa MJ, Ross CF, et al: Symphyseal fusion and jaw-adductor muscle force: an EMG study. Am J Phys Anthropol 2000;112:469-492
Utreja A, Bain C, Turek B, et al: Maxillary expansion in an animal model with light, continuous force. Angle Orthod 2018;88:306-313
Nickel JC, McLachlan KR, Smith DM: Eminence development of the postnatal temporomandibular joint. J Dent Res 1988;67: 896-902
Katsavrias EG: Changes in articular eminence inclination during the craniofacial growth period. Angle Orthod 2002;72:258-264
Shashikiran ND, Karthik V, Subbareddy VV: Multiple congenitally missing primary teeth: report of a case. Pediatr Dent 2002;24:149-152
Lee A, Chang CHH, Roberts WE: Severe unilateral scissors-bite with a constricted mandibular arch: bite turbos and extra-alveolar bone screws in the infra-zygomatic crests and mandibular buccal shelf. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2018;154:554-569
Yakar S, Werner H, Rosen CJ: Insulin-like growth factors: actions on the skeleton. J Mol Endocrinol 2018;61:T115-T137
Suh HS, Zhao ML, Derico L, et al: Insulin-like growth factor 1 and 2 (IGF1, IGF2) expression in human microglia: differential regulation by inflammatory mediators. J Neuroinflammation 2013;10:37
Clemmons DR: Role of IGF-binding proteins in regulating IGF responses to changes in metabolism. J Mol Endocrinol 2018;61:T139-T169
Begemann M, Zirn B, Santen G, et al: Paternally inherited IGF2 mutation and growth restriction. N Engl J Med 2015;373:349-356
Fernandez AM, Torres-Alemán I: The many faces of insulin-like peptide signaling in the brain. Nat Rev Neurosci 2012;13:225-239
Zhang Y, Blackwell EL, McKnight MT, et al: Specific inactivation of Twist1 in the mandibular arch neural crest cells affects the development of the ramus and reveals interactions with Hand2. Dev Dyn 2012;241:924-940
Riga A, Oxilla G, Panetta D, et al: Human deciduous teeth from the middle stone age layers of Sibudu cave (South Africa). J Anthropol Sci 2018;96:75-87
Järvinen S, Lehtinen L: Supernumerary and congenitally missing primary teeth in Finnish children. An epidemiologic study. Acta Odontol Scand 1981;39:83-86
Shilpa G, Gokhale N, Malineni SK, et al: Prevalence of dental anomalies in deciduous dentition and its association with succedaneous dentition: a cross-sectional study of 4180 South Indian children. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2017;35:56-62
Dhindsa A, Garg S, Damle SG, et al: Fused primary first macromolar with a unique relation to its permanent successors: a rare tooth anomaly. Eur J Dent 2013;7:289-242
Sinha M, Tripathi T, Rai P, et al: Serum and urine insulin-like growth factor-1 as biochemical growth maturity indicators. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2016;150:1020-1027
Zanou N, Gailly P: Skeletal muscle hypertrophy and regeneration: interplay between the myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) pathways. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013;70:4117-4130
Rauskolb S, Dombert B, Sendtner M: Insulin-like growth factor 1 in diabetic neuropathy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2017;97(Pt B):103-113
Bjersing JL, Larsson A, Palstam A, et al: Benefits of resistance exercise in lean women with fibromyalgia: involvement of IGF-1 and leptin. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017;18:106
Tavares M, Lindefjeld Calabi KA, San Martin L: Systemic diseases and oral health. Dent Clin North Am 2014;58:797-814
Kane SF: The effects of oral health on systemic health. Gen Dent 2017;65:30-34
Bidinotto AB, Santos CM, Tôrres LH, et al: Change in quality of life and its association with oral health and other factors in community-dwelling elderly adults-a prospective cohort study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2016;64:2533-2538
Touger-Decker R, Mobley C: Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: oral health and nutrition. J Acad Nutr Diet 2013;113:693-701
Kamdem B, Seematter-Bagnoud L, Botrugno F, et al: Relationship between oral health and Fried's frailty criteria in community-dwelling older persons. BMC Geriatr 2017;17:174
Fonad E, Robins Wahlin TB, Rydholm Hedman AM: Associations between falls and general health, nutrition, dental health and medication use in Swedish home-dwelling people aged 75 years and over. Health Soc Care Community 2015;23:594-604
Yadav S, Yang Y, Dutra EH, et al: Temporomandibular joint disorders in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2018;66:1213-1217
de Alcântara Camejo F, Azevedo M, Ambros V, et al: Interleukin-6 expression in disc derangement of human temporomandibular joint and association with osteoarthrosis. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2017;45:768-774
Cömert Kiliç S, Kiliç N, Sümbüllü MA: Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: cone beam computed tomography findings, clinical features, and correlations. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015;44:1268-1274
Ahmad M, Hollender L, Anderson Q, et al: Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD): development of image analysis criteria and examiner reliability for image analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009;107:844-860
Roberts WE, Hartsfield Jr JK: Bone development and function: genetic and environmental mechanisms. Seminars in Orthodontics 2004;10:100-122
Mori H, Horiuchi S, Nishimura S, et al: Three-dimensional finite element analysis of cartilaginous tissues in human temporomandibular joint during prolonged clenching. Arch Oral Biol 2010;55:879-886
Defabianis P: Post-traumatic TMJ internal derangement: impact on facial growth (findings in a pediatric age group). J Clin Pediatr Dent 2003;27:297-303
Ahn SJ, Lee SP, Nahm DS: Relationship between temporomandibular joint internal derangement and facial asymmetry in women. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2005;128:583-591
Harper DE, Schrepf A, Clauw DJ: Pain mechanisms and centralized pain in temporomandibular disorders. J Dent Res 2016;95:1102-1108