Isolation and Functions of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Parasites: The Promise of a New Era in Immunotherapy, Vaccination, and Diagnosis.
diagnosis
extracellular vesicles
immunotherapy
parasites
vaccination
Journal
International journal of nanomedicine
ISSN: 1178-2013
Titre abrégé: Int J Nanomedicine
Pays: New Zealand
ID NLM: 101263847
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2020
2020
Historique:
received:
23
02
2020
accepted:
10
04
2020
entrez:
20
5
2020
pubmed:
20
5
2020
medline:
14
7
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Experimental and epidemiological evidence shows that parasites, particularly helminths, play a central role in balancing the host immunity. It was demonstrated that parasites can modulate immune responses via their excretory/secretory (ES) and some specific proteins. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-scale particles that are released from eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. EVs in parasitological studies have been mostly employed for immunotherapy of autoimmune diseases, vaccination, and diagnosis. EVs can carry virulence factors and play a central role in the development of parasites in host cells. These molecules can manipulate the immune responses through transcriptional changes. Moreover, EVs derived from helminths modulate the immune system via provoking anti-inflammatory cytokines. On the other hand, EVs from parasite protozoa can induce efficient immunity, that makes them useful for probable next-generation vaccines. In addition, it seems that EVs from parasites may provide new diagnostic approaches for parasitic infections. In the current study, we reviewed isolation methods, functions, and applications of parasite's EVs in immunotherapy, vaccination, and diagnosis.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32425527
doi: 10.2147/IJN.S250993
pii: 250993
pmc: PMC7196212
doi:
Substances chimiques
Cytokines
0
Vaccines
0
Virulence Factors
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2957-2969Informations de copyright
© 2020 Khosravi et al.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors report no conflicts of interest for this work. This study was financially supported by the Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences with grant number: 1029, and received ethical approval from the ethics committee of the university (no. IR.SBMU.RCGLD.REC.1398.015).
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