No cognitive processing in the unconscious, anesthetic-like, state of sleep.
cognition
consciousness
functional connectivity
general anesthetics
memory
non-REM sleep
prefrontal cortex
Journal
The Journal of comparative neurology
ISSN: 1096-9861
Titre abrégé: J Comp Neurol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0406041
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
02 2021
02 2021
Historique:
received:
29
07
2019
revised:
12
05
2020
accepted:
25
05
2020
pubmed:
31
5
2020
medline:
1
1
2022
entrez:
31
5
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
We review evidence challenging the hypothesis that memories are processed or consolidated in sleep. We argue that the brain is in an unconscious state in sleep, akin to general anesthesia (GA), and hence is incapable of meaningful cognitive processing-the sole purview of waking consciousness. At minimum, the encoding of memories in sleep would require that waking events are faithfully transferred to and reproduced in sleep. Remarkably, however, this has never been demonstrated, as waking experiences are never truly replicated in sleep but rather appear in very altered or distorted forms. General anesthetics (GAs) exert their effects through endogenous sleep-wake control systems and accordingly GA and sleep share several common features: sensory blockade, immobility, amnesia and lack of awareness (unconsciousness). The loss of consciousness in non-REM (NREM) sleep or to GAs is characterized by: (a) delta oscillations throughout the cortex; (b) marked reductions in neural activity (from waking) over widespread regions of the cortex, most pronounced in frontal and parietal cortices; and (c) a significant disruption of the functional connectivity of thalamocortical and corticocortical networks, particularly those involved in "higher order" cognitive functions. Several (experimental) reports in animals and humans have shown that disrupting the activity of the cortex, particularly the orbitofrontal cortex, severely impairs higher order cognitive and executive functions. The profound and widespread deactivation of the cortex in the unconscious states of NREM sleep or GA would be expected to produce an equivalent, or undoubtedly a much greater, disruptive effect on mnemonic and cognitive functions. In conclusion, we contend that the unconscious, severely altered state of the brain in NREM sleep would negate any possibility of cognitive processing in NREM sleep.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32472571
doi: 10.1002/cne.24963
pmc: PMC9311269
mid: NIHMS1598345
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
524-538Subventions
Organisme : NINDS NIH HHS
ID : R15 NS108259
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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