Glycine Signaling in the Framework of Dopamine-Glutamate Interaction and Postsynaptic Density. Implications for Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.

Homer N-methyl-d-aspartate PSD-95 antipsychotics disk-1 dopamine glutamate glycine transporter 1

Journal

Frontiers in psychiatry
ISSN: 1664-0640
Titre abrégé: Front Psychiatry
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101545006

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
2020
Historique:
received: 22 01 2020
accepted: 14 04 2020
entrez: 2 6 2020
pubmed: 2 6 2020
medline: 2 6 2020
Statut: epublish

Résumé

Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) or suboptimal response to antipsychotics affects almost 30% of schizophrenia (SCZ) patients, and it is a relevant clinical issue with significant impact on the functional outcome and on the global burden of disease. Among putative novel treatments, glycine-centered therapeutics (i.e. sarcosine, glycine itself, D-Serine, and bitopertin) have been proposed, based on a strong preclinical rationale with, however, mixed clinical results. Therefore, a better appraisal of glycine interaction with the other major players of SCZ pathophysiology and specifically in the framework of dopamine - glutamate interactions is warranted. New methodological approaches at cutting edge of technology and drug discovery have been applied to study the role of glycine in glutamate signaling, both at presynaptic and post-synaptic level and have been instrumental for unveiling the role of glycine in dopamine-glutamate interaction. Glycine is a non-essential amino acid that plays a critical role in both inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission. In caudal areas of central nervous system (CNS), such as spinal cord and brainstem, glycine acts as a powerful inhibitory neurotransmitter through binding to its receptor, i.e. the Glycine Receptor (GlyR). However, glycine also works as a co-agonist of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor (NMDAR) in excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission. Glycine concentration in the synaptic cleft is finely tuned by glycine transporters, i.e. GlyT1 and GlyT2, that regulate the neurotransmitter's reuptake, with the first considered a highly potential target for psychosis therapy. Reciprocal regulation of dopamine and glycine in forebrain, glycine modulation of glutamate, glycine signaling interaction with postsynaptic density proteins at glutamatergic synapse, and human genetics of glycinergic pathways in SCZ are tackled in order to highlight the exploitation of this neurotransmitters and related molecules in SCZ and TRS.

Identifiants

pubmed: 32477178
doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00369
pmc: PMC7240307
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Review

Langues

eng

Pagination

369

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2020 de Bartolomeis, Manchia, Marmo, Vellucci, Iasevoli and Barone.

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Auteurs

Andrea de Bartolomeis (A)

Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.

Mirko Manchia (M)

Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.

Federica Marmo (F)

Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.

Licia Vellucci (L)

Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.

Felice Iasevoli (F)

Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.

Annarita Barone (A)

Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.

Classifications MeSH