How self-esteem and narcissism differentially relate to high and (un)stable feelings of status and inclusion.
latent profile analysis
narcissism
self-esteem
status
Journal
Journal of personality
ISSN: 1467-6494
Titre abrégé: J Pers
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 2985194R
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
12 2020
12 2020
Historique:
received:
26
11
2019
revised:
21
05
2020
accepted:
24
05
2020
pubmed:
3
6
2020
medline:
29
10
2021
entrez:
3
6
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
We tested how self-esteem and grandiose narcissism are associated with people's level and instability of status and inclusion. In Studies 1 and 2, we used latent profile analysis (Study 1, N = 989; Study 2, N = 470, 111 teams) to examine how people felt about their level and instability of status and inclusion. In Study 3, we used daily diary reports (N = 287, 1,286 daily observations) to track people's level and instability of status and inclusion. Higher levels of status and inclusion did not always correspond to more stable beliefs about one's social standing. Self-esteem predicted higher and more stable feelings of status and inclusion. Although narcissistic admiration also predicted higher levels of status and inclusion, we found mixed evidence regarding its link to the instability of such feelings. Narcissistic rivalry, however, predicted more unstable feelings of status and inclusion. By modeling the heterogeneity of status and inclusion feelings across subgroups (Studies 1 and 2) and documenting the degree of instability people experience regarding such feelings (Study 3), these results provide insight into how self-esteem and narcissism relate to the level and instability of status and inclusion.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1177-1195Informations de copyright
© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Références
Abele, A. E., & Wojciszke, B. (2007). Agency and communion from the perspective of self versus others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(5), 751-763. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.93.5.751
Anderson, C., Hildreth, J. A. D., & Howland, L. (2015). Is the desire for status a fundamental human motive? A review of the empirical literature. Psychological Bulletin, 141, 574-601. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038781
Audas, R., Dobson, S., & Goddard, J. (2002). The impact of managerial change on team performance in professional sports. Journal of Economics and Business, 54, 633-650. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-6195(02)00120-0
Back, M. D., Küfner, A. C., Dufner, M., Gerlach, T. M., Rauthmann, J. F., & Denissen, J. J. (2013). Narcissistic admiration and rivalry: Disentangling the bright and dark sides of narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105, 1013-1037. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034431
Baird, B. M., Le, K., & Lucas, R. E. (2006). On the nature of intraindividual personality variability: Reliability, validity, and associations with well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 512-527. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.90.3.512
Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497-529. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(00)80003-9
Bendersky, C., & Hays, N. A. (2012). Status conflict in groups. Organization Science, 23, 323-340. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1110.0734
Benson, A. J., Jordan, C. H., & Christie, A. M. (2016). Narcissistic reactions to subordinate role assignment: The case of the narcissistic follower. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 42, 985-999. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167216649608
Berscheid, E., & Ammazzalorso, H. (2001). Emotional experience in close relationships. In G. J. O. Fletcher & M. S. Clark (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Interpersonal processes (pp. 308-330). Oxford, England: Blackwell.
Borenstein, M. (2009). Effect sizes for continuous data. In H. Cooper, L. Hedges, & J. C. Valentine (Eds.), The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis (pp. 221-235). New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
Brummelman, E., Gürel, Ç., Thomaes, S., & Sedikides, C. (2018). What separates narcissism from self-esteem? In A. D. Hermann, A. Brunell, & J. Foster (Eds.), Handbook of trait narcissism: Key advances, research methods, and controversies (pp. 47-55). New York, NY: Springer.
Carlson, E. N., & DesJardins, N. M. L. (2015). Do mean guys always finish first or just say that they do? Narcissists' awareness of their social status and popularity over time. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41, 901-917. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167215581712
Crocker, J., Canevello, A., & Lewis, K. A. (2017). Romantic relationships in the ecosystem: Compassionate goals, nonzero-sum beliefs, and change in relationship quality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 112, 58-75. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000076
Crocker, J., Luhtanen, R. K., Cooper, M. L., & Bouvrette, A. (2003). Contingencies of self-worth in college students: Theory and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 894-908. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.5.894
Curhan, K. B., Levine, C. S., Markus, H. R., Kitayama, S., Park, J., Karasawa, M., … Ryff, C. D. (2014). Subjective and objective hierarchies and their relations to psychological well-being: A US/Japan comparison. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 5, 855-864. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550614538461
Daly, M., Boyce, C., & Wood, A. (2015). A social rank explanation of how money influences health. Health Psychology, 34, 222-230. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000098
Espinoza, J. A., Daljeet, K. N., & Meyer, J. P. (2020). Establishing the structure and replicability of personality profiles using the HEXACO-PI-R. Nature Human Behaviour, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0853-6
Geukes, K., Nestler, S., Hutteman, R., Dufner, M., Küfner, A. C. P., Egloff, B., … Back, M. D. (2017). Puffed-up but shaky selves: State self-esteem level and variability in narcissists. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 112, 769-786. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000093
Giacomin, M., & Jordan, C. H. (2016). The wax and wane of narcissism: Grandiose narcissism as a process or state. Journal of Personality, 84, 154-164. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12148
Grapsas, S., Brummelman, E., Back, M. D., & Denissen, J. J. (2020). The “why” and “how” of narcissism: A process model of narcissistic status pursuit. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 15, 150-172. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691619873350
Grijalva, E., & Zhang, L. (2016). Narcissism and self-insight: A review and meta-analysis of narcissists' self-enhancement tendencies. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 42, 3-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167215611636
Heimpel, S. A., Elliot, A. J., & Wood, J. V. (2006). Basic personality dispositions, self-esteem, and personal goals: An approach-avoidance analysis. Journal of Personality, 74, 1293-1320. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00410.x
Hipp, J. R., & Bauer, D. J. (2006). Local solutions in the estimation of growth mixture models. Psychological Methods, 11, 36-53. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.11.1.36
Hogg, M. A. (2007). Uncertainty-identity theory. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 69-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(06)39002-8
Holt-Lunstad, J. (2018). Why social relationships are important for physical health: A systems approach to understanding and modifying risk and protection. Annual Review of Psychology, 69, 437-458. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011902
Huo, Y. J., Binning, K. R., & Molina, L. E. (2010). Testing an integrative model of respect: Implications for social engagement and well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36, 200-212. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167209356787
Imhoff, R., & Koch, A. (2017). How orthogonal are the Big Two of social perception? On the curvilinear relation between agency and communion. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12(1), 122-137. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616657334
Klein, R. A., Vianello, M., Hasselman, F., Adams, B. G., Adams, R. B., Alper, S., … Nosek, B. A. (2018). Many Labs 2: Investigating variation in replicability across samples and settings. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1, 443-490. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918810225
Knight, E. L., & Mehta, P. H. (2017). Hierarchy stability moderates the effect of status on stress and performance in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114, 78-83. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1609811114
Kozlowski, S. W. J., & Bell, B. S. (2013). Work groups and teams in organizations. In N. Schmitt & S. Highhouse (Eds.), Handbook of psychology: Vol. 12. Industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 412-469). London, UK: Wiley.
Krizan, Z., & Herlache, A. D. (2018). The narcissism spectrum model: A synthetic view of narcissistic personality. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 22, 3-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868316685018
Kuchynka, S. L., & Bosson, J. K. (2018). The psychodynamic mask model of narcissism: Where is it now? In A. D. Hermann, A. B. Brunell, & J. D. Foster (Eds.), The handbook of trait narcissism: Key advances, research methods, and controversies (pp. 243-253). New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92171-6_26
Leary, M. R. (2005). Sociometer theory and the pursuit of relational value: Getting to the root of self-esteem. European Review of Social Psychology, 16, 75-111. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463280540000007
Lo, Y., Mendell, N. R., & Rubin, D. B. (2001). Testing the number of components in a normal mixture. Biometrika, 88, 767-778. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/88.3.767
Lüdtke, O., Marsh, H. W., Robitzsch, A., Trautwein, U., Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. (2008). The multilevel latent covariate model: A new, more reliable approach to group-level effects in contextual studies. Psychological Methods, 13(3), 203-229. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012869
MacDonald, G., Saltzman, J. L., & Leary, M. R. (2003). Social approval and trait self-esteem. Journal of Research in Personality, 37, 23-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00531-7
Mahadevan, N., Gregg, A. P., & Sedikides, C. (2019). Is self-regard a sociometer or a hierometer? Self-esteem tracks status and inclusion, narcissism tracks status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 116, 444-466. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000189
Marsh, H. W., Lüdtke, O., Trautwein, U., & Morin, A. J. (2009). Classical latent profile analysis of academic self-concept dimensions: Synergy of person-and variable-centered approaches to theoretical models of self-concept. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 16, 191-225. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510902751010
Meyer, J. P., & Morin, A. J. (2016). A person-centered approach to commitment research: Theory, research, and methodology. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37, 584-612. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2085
Morf, C. C., & Rhodewalt, F. (2001). Unraveling the paradoxes of narcissism: A dynamic self-regulatory processing model. Psychological Inquiry, 12, 177-196. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1204_3
Morin, A. J., Meyer, J. P., Creusier, J., & Biétry, F. (2016). Multiple-group analysis of similarity in latent profile solutions. Organizational Research Methods, 19(2), 231-254. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428115621148
Mota, S., Humberg, S., Krause, S., Fatfouta, R., Geukes, K., Schröder-Abé, M., & Back, M. D. (2019). Unmasking narcissus: A competitive test of existing hypotheses on (agentic, antagonistic, neurotic, and communal) narcissism and (explicit and implicit) self-esteem across 18 samples. Self and Identity, 19, 435-455. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2019.1620012
Murray, S. L., Holmes, J. G., & Collins, N. L. (2006). Optimizing assurance: The risk regulation system in relationships. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 641-666. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.5.641
Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2017). Mplus user's guide (8th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Author.
Nevicka, B., De Hoogh, A. H., Van Vianen, A. E., Beersma, B., & McIlwain, D. (2011). All I need is a stage to shine: Narcissists' leader emergence and performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 22, 910-925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.07.011
Nylund, K. L., Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. O. (2007). Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling: A Monte Carlo simulation study. Structural Equation Modeling, 14, 535-569. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510701575396
Raley, R. K., & Sweeney, M. M. (2020). Divorce, repartnering, and stepfamilies: A decade in review. Journal of Marriage and Family, 82, 81-99. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12651
Rhodewalt, F., Madrian, J. C., & Cheney, S. (1998). Narcissism, self-knowledge organization, and emotional reactivity: The effect of daily experiences on self-esteem and affect. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 75-87. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167298241006
Rogoza, R., Żemojtel-Piotrowska, M., Rogoza, M., Piotrowski, J., & Wyszyńska, P. (2016). Narcissistic admiration and rivalry in the context of personality metatraits. Personality and Individual Differences, 102, 180-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.07.003
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Sadikaj, G., Wright, A. G., Dunkley, D., Zuroff, D., & Moskowitz, D. (2019, October 8). Multilevel structural equation modeling for intensive longitudinal data: A practical guide for personality researchers. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/hwj9r
Sapolsky, R. M. (2005). The influence of social hierarchy on primate health. Science, 308, 648-652. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1106477
Tein, J. Y., Coxe, S., & Cham, H. (2013). Statistical power to detect the correct number of classes in latent profile analysis. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 20, 640-657. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2013.824781
Thomaes, S., Stegge, H., Bushman, B. J., Olthof, T., & Denissen, J. (2008). Development and validation of the Childhood Narcissism Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 90, 382-391. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890802108162
Vazire, S., & Funder, D. C. (2006). Impulsivity and the self-defeating behavior of narcissists. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10, 154-165. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr1002_4
Vermunt, J. K. (2010). Latent class modeling with covariates: Two improved three-step approaches. Political Analysis, 18, 450-469. https://doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpq025
Wang, M., & Hanges, P. J. (2011). Latent class procedures: Applications to organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 14, 24-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428110383988
Zeigler-Hill, V., Clark, C. B., & Pickard, J. D. (2008). Narcissistic subtypes and contingent self-esteem: Do all narcissists base their self-esteem on the same domains? Journal of Personality, 76, 753-774. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00503.x
Zeigler-Hill, V., Vrabel, J. K., McCabe, G. A., Cosby, C. A., Traeder, C. K., Hobbs, K. A., & Southard, A. C. (2019). Narcissism and the pursuit of status. Journal of Personality, 87, 310-327. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12392