Hot-SWV: Square Wave Voltammetry with Hot Microelectrodes.

A promising strategy to lowering detection limits in electrochemical analysis is the active modulation of the electrode temperature. Specifically, by tuning the electrode's surface temperature one can enhance detection limits due to improved electrode process kinetics and increased mass transfer rates, all without affecting the bulk solution. Motivated by this argument, here we report the development of a new electroanalytical technique based on electrode-temperature modulation, which we call hot square wave voltammetry (Hot-SWV). The technique utilizes the superposition of conventional SWV, already considered as one of the most sensitive voltammetric techniques, and a high frequency alternating current (ac) waveform to electrically polarize microelectrodes. By applying about 100 MHz ac frequencies (with varying