Smart textiles biotechnology for electrocardiogram monitoring in horses during exercise on treadmill: Validation tests.
ECG
Signal Quality Index
electrodes
horse
kurtosis
motion artefacts
Journal
Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
Titre abrégé: Equine Vet J
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0173320
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Mar 2021
Mar 2021
Historique:
received:
24
04
2019
revised:
28
03
2020
accepted:
10
05
2020
pubmed:
4
6
2020
medline:
10
2
2021
entrez:
4
6
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
There are several bioengineering solutions aimed at improving human health and welfare. Smart electrodes based on textile substrates have met the growing demand for comfort, reliability, and robustness when acquiring physiological signals. Given the importance of good quality electrocardiograms (ECG) in equine sports medicine, this study focuses on the validation of smart textile electrodes to acquire ECG signals in horses during treadmill exercise. The performance of the smart textile electrodes is compared with standard silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes in terms of signal quality. Five healthy Standardbred mares were fitted with two identical electronic systems for the simultaneous recording of ECGs during a standardised exercise test (SET) on a treadmill. One system was equipped with smart textile electrodes, whereas the second was equipped with standard Ag/AgCl electrodes. The Ag/AgCl electrodes were positioned on shaved skin with self-adhesive pads, and without (SET1) or with glue (SET2). The textile electrodes were positioned without shaving the skin. The Kurtosis (k) value for each ECG trace recorded was calculated as an index of ECG signal quality. For the textile electrodes, k values were higher, and closer to ideal compared to Ag/AgCl electrodes. The median values of the Signal Quality Indexes (kSQI) were higher for textile compared to Ag/AgCl electrodes. These differences were significant in SET 2 (P < .001), but not in SET 1 (P = .08). This study was limited to treadmill exercise that did not include a rider or harness. During treadmill exercise, textile electrodes are a practical solution for collecting good quality ECG traces.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
There are several bioengineering solutions aimed at improving human health and welfare. Smart electrodes based on textile substrates have met the growing demand for comfort, reliability, and robustness when acquiring physiological signals.
OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVE
Given the importance of good quality electrocardiograms (ECG) in equine sports medicine, this study focuses on the validation of smart textile electrodes to acquire ECG signals in horses during treadmill exercise.
STUDY DESIGN
METHODS
The performance of the smart textile electrodes is compared with standard silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes in terms of signal quality.
METHODS
METHODS
Five healthy Standardbred mares were fitted with two identical electronic systems for the simultaneous recording of ECGs during a standardised exercise test (SET) on a treadmill. One system was equipped with smart textile electrodes, whereas the second was equipped with standard Ag/AgCl electrodes. The Ag/AgCl electrodes were positioned on shaved skin with self-adhesive pads, and without (SET1) or with glue (SET2). The textile electrodes were positioned without shaving the skin. The Kurtosis (k) value for each ECG trace recorded was calculated as an index of ECG signal quality.
RESULTS
RESULTS
For the textile electrodes, k values were higher, and closer to ideal compared to Ag/AgCl electrodes. The median values of the Signal Quality Indexes (kSQI) were higher for textile compared to Ag/AgCl electrodes. These differences were significant in SET 2 (P < .001), but not in SET 1 (P = .08).
MAIN LIMITATIONS
CONCLUSIONS
This study was limited to treadmill exercise that did not include a rider or harness.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
During treadmill exercise, textile electrodes are a practical solution for collecting good quality ECG traces.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
373-378Subventions
Organisme : University of Pisa
Informations de copyright
© 2020 EVJ Ltd.
Références
Reef VB, Bonagura J, Buhl R, McGurrin MKJ, Schwarzwald CC, van Loon G, et al. Recommendations for management of equine athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities. J Vet Intern Med. 2014;28(3):749-61.
Verheyen T, Decloedt A, De Clercq D, Deprez P, Sys SU, van Loon G. Electrocardiography in horse-part 1: how to make a good recording. Vlaams Diergen Tijds. 2010a;79(5):331-6.
Verheyen T, Decloedt A, De Clercq D, Deprez P, Sys SU, van Loon G. Electrocardiography in horse-part 2: how to read the equine ECG. Vlaams Diergen Tijds. 2010b;79(5):337-44.
de Talhouet H, Webster JG. The origin of skin-stretch-caused motion artifacts under electrodes. Physiol Meas. 1996;17(2):81.
Lanata A, Guidi A, Baragli P, Valenza G, Scilingo EP. A novel algorithm for movement artifact removal in ECG signals acquired from wearable systems applied to horses. PLoS One. 2015;10(10):e0140783.
Lymberis A, Paradiso R. Smart Fabrics and Interactive Textile Enabling Wearable Personal Application: R&D State of Art and Future Challenges. Ann Int IEEE Eng Med Bio 30th, August 20-24, Vancouver, Canada, 5270-5273. 2008.
Guidi A, Lanata A, Valenza G, Scilingo EP, Baragli P. Validation of smart textile electrodes for electrocardiogram monitoring in free-moving horses. J Vet Behav. 2017;17:19-23.
Scilingo EP, Lorussi F, Mazzoldi A, De Rossi D. Strain-sensing fabrics for wearable kinaesthetic-like systems. IEEE Sens J. 2003;3(4):460-7.
McGreevy PD, Sundin M, Karlsteen M, Berglin L, Ternstrom J, Hawson L, et al. Problems at the human-horse interface and prospect for smart textile solutions. J Vet Behav. 2014;9:34-42.
Clifford GD, Behar J, Li Q, Rezek I. Signal quality indices and data fusion for determining clinical acceptability of electrocardiograms. Physiol Meas. 2012;33:1419-33.
Allen KJ, Young LE, Franklin SH. Evaluation of heart rate and rhythm during exercise. Equine Vet Educ. 2016;28(2):99-112.
Li Q, Mark RG, Clifford GD. Robust heart rate estimation from multiple asynchronous noisy sources using signal quality indices and a Kalman filter. Physiol Meas. 2008;29:15-32.
Behar J, Oster J, Li Q, Clifford GD. ECG signal quality during arrhytmia and its application to false alarm reduction. IEEE T Bio Med Eng. 2013;60(6):1660-6.
Scilingo EP, Gemignani A, Paradiso R, Taccini N, Ghelarducci B, De Rossi D. Performance evaluation of sensing fabrics for monitoring physiological and biomechanical variables. IEEE Trans Inf Technol Biomed. 2005;9:345-52.
Scott CM, Marlin DJ, Schroter RC. Quantification of the response of equine apocrine sweat glands to b2-adrenergic stimulation. Equine Vet J. 2001;33:605-12.
Bowen IM. Ambulatory electrocardiography and heart rate variability. In: Marr CM, Bowen IM, editors. Cardiology of the horse. 2nd ed. London, UK: Saunders, p. 127-37.
Physick-Sheard PW, Marlin DJ, Thornhill R, Schroter RC. Frequency domain analysis of heart rate variability in horses at rest and during exercise. Equine Vet J. 2000;32(3):253-62.