The epidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea, pre- and post-implementation of national malaria control efforts.
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Child
Child, Preschool
Communicable Disease Control
/ statistics & numerical data
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Malaria, Falciparum
/ epidemiology
Malaria, Vivax
/ epidemiology
Male
Middle Aged
Papua New Guinea
/ epidemiology
Plasmodium falciparum
/ physiology
Plasmodium vivax
/ physiology
Prevalence
Young Adult
Epidemiology
LLINs
Malaria
Malaria control
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium vivax
Spatial heterogeneity
Journal
Malaria journal
ISSN: 1475-2875
Titre abrégé: Malar J
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101139802
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
05 Jun 2020
05 Jun 2020
Historique:
received:
20
01
2020
accepted:
20
05
2020
entrez:
7
6
2020
pubmed:
7
6
2020
medline:
21
1
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
In the past decade, national malaria control efforts in Papua New Guinea (PNG) have received renewed support, facilitating nationwide distribution of free long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), as well as improvements in access to parasite-confirmed diagnosis and effective artemisinin-combination therapy in 2011-2012. To study the effects of these intensified control efforts on the epidemiology and transmission of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections and investigate risk factors at the individual and household level, two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in the East Sepik Province of PNG; one in 2005, before the scale-up of national campaigns and one in late 2012-early 2013, after 2 rounds of LLIN distribution (2008 and 2011-2012). Differences between studies were investigated using Chi square (χ The prevalence of P. falciparum and P. vivax in surveyed communities decreased from 55% (2005) to 9% (2013) and 36% to 6%, respectively. The mean multiplicity of infection (MOI) decreased from 1.8 to 1.6 for P. falciparum (p = 0.08) and from 2.2 to 1.4 for P. vivax (p < 0.001). Alongside these reductions, a shift towards a more uniform distribution of infections and illness across age groups was observed but there was greater heterogeneity across the study area and within the study villages. Microscopy positive infections and clinical cases in the household were associated with high rate infection households (> 50% of household members with Plasmodium infection). After the scale-up of malaria control interventions in PNG between 2008 and 2012, there was a substantial reduction in P. falciparum and P. vivax infection rates in the studies villages in East Sepik Province. Understanding the extent of local heterogeneity in malaria transmission and the driving factors is critical to identify and implement targeted control strategies to ensure the ongoing success of malaria control in PNG and inform the development of tools required to achieve elimination. In household-based interventions, diagnostics with a sensitivity similar to (expert) microscopy could be used to identify and target high rate households.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
In the past decade, national malaria control efforts in Papua New Guinea (PNG) have received renewed support, facilitating nationwide distribution of free long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), as well as improvements in access to parasite-confirmed diagnosis and effective artemisinin-combination therapy in 2011-2012.
METHODS
METHODS
To study the effects of these intensified control efforts on the epidemiology and transmission of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections and investigate risk factors at the individual and household level, two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in the East Sepik Province of PNG; one in 2005, before the scale-up of national campaigns and one in late 2012-early 2013, after 2 rounds of LLIN distribution (2008 and 2011-2012). Differences between studies were investigated using Chi square (χ
RESULTS
RESULTS
The prevalence of P. falciparum and P. vivax in surveyed communities decreased from 55% (2005) to 9% (2013) and 36% to 6%, respectively. The mean multiplicity of infection (MOI) decreased from 1.8 to 1.6 for P. falciparum (p = 0.08) and from 2.2 to 1.4 for P. vivax (p < 0.001). Alongside these reductions, a shift towards a more uniform distribution of infections and illness across age groups was observed but there was greater heterogeneity across the study area and within the study villages. Microscopy positive infections and clinical cases in the household were associated with high rate infection households (> 50% of household members with Plasmodium infection).
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
After the scale-up of malaria control interventions in PNG between 2008 and 2012, there was a substantial reduction in P. falciparum and P. vivax infection rates in the studies villages in East Sepik Province. Understanding the extent of local heterogeneity in malaria transmission and the driving factors is critical to identify and implement targeted control strategies to ensure the ongoing success of malaria control in PNG and inform the development of tools required to achieve elimination. In household-based interventions, diagnostics with a sensitivity similar to (expert) microscopy could be used to identify and target high rate households.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32503607
doi: 10.1186/s12936-020-03265-x
pii: 10.1186/s12936-020-03265-x
pmc: PMC7275396
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
198Subventions
Organisme : NIAID NIH HHS
ID : U19 AI089686
Pays : United States
Organisme : National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
ID : U19 AI129392-01
Organisme : National Health and Medical Research Council
ID : GNT1016443
Organisme : National Health and Medical Research Council
ID : GNT1161627
Organisme : National Health and Medical Research Council
ID : GNT11155075
Organisme : National Health and Medical Research Council
ID : GNT1092789
Références
Lancet. 2010 Nov 6;376(9752):1592-603
pubmed: 21035841
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2001 Jan-Feb;95(1):7-13
pubmed: 11280071
Blood. 2001 Dec 1;98(12):3489-91
pubmed: 11719395
PLoS One. 2007 Mar 28;2(3):e336
pubmed: 17389925
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006 Mar;74(3):413-21
pubmed: 16525099
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2003 Apr;68(4 Suppl):121-7
pubmed: 12749495
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Apr 19;(2):CD003755
pubmed: 16625591
Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1995 Aug;89(4):359-76
pubmed: 7487223
Malar J. 2013 Nov 27;12:433
pubmed: 24279720
PLoS One. 2010 Feb 04;5(2):e9047
pubmed: 20140220
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Jun 19;109(25):10030-5
pubmed: 22665809
Malar J. 2006 Nov 03;5:98
pubmed: 17081311
J Mol Evol. 2008 Oct;67(4):397-411
pubmed: 18818859
PLoS Med. 2010 Jul 06;7(7):e1000304
pubmed: 20625549
PLoS Med. 2012;9(9):e1001305
pubmed: 22973182
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998 Jul;59(1):80-5
pubmed: 9684633
Malar J. 2009 Mar 11;8:41
pubmed: 19284594
Parasit Vectors. 2016 Jun 14;9(1):340
pubmed: 27301964
Acta Trop. 2012 Mar;121(3):274-80
pubmed: 21896268
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2000 Jul-Aug;94(4):357-60
pubmed: 11127232
Clin Infect Dis. 2018 Jun 1;66(12):1883-1891
pubmed: 29304258
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 Apr 15;9(4):e0003634
pubmed: 25874894
P N G Med J. 2008 Mar-Jun;51(1-2):12-6
pubmed: 19999304
J Infect Dis. 2008 Aug 1;198(3):393-400
pubmed: 18522503
PLoS Med. 2015 Oct 27;12(10):e1001891
pubmed: 26505753
PLoS One. 2015 May 21;10(5):e0126747
pubmed: 25996916
Malar J. 2019 Nov 12;18(1):364
pubmed: 31718659
P N G Med J. 2010 Mar-Jun;53(1-2):5-14
pubmed: 22768474
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017 Jul 3;11(7):e0005674
pubmed: 28671944
J Infect Dis. 2009 Apr 1;199(7):1074-80
pubmed: 19275476
Trop Med Int Health. 2015 Dec;20(12):1745-55
pubmed: 26427024
Lancet Infect Dis. 2012 Jan;12(1):75-88
pubmed: 22192132
Trends Parasitol. 2003 Jun;19(6):253-9
pubmed: 12798082
Malar J. 2018 Mar 19;17(1):119
pubmed: 29554901
BMC Med. 2019 Dec 9;17(1):220
pubmed: 31813381
Malar J. 2009 Oct 30;8:250
pubmed: 19878560
Bull World Health Organ. 2017 Oct 1;95(10):695-705B
pubmed: 29147042
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Jan 7;94(1):338-42
pubmed: 8990210
Malar J. 2016 Jan 12;15:25
pubmed: 26753618
Bull World Health Organ. 1987;65(6):869-77
pubmed: 3325185
Malar J. 2014 Jun 24;13:242
pubmed: 24961245
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(2):CD000363
pubmed: 15106149
Malar J. 2010 Nov 23;9:336
pubmed: 21092231
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006 Dec;75(6):1216-22
pubmed: 17172396
Malar J. 2010 Dec 14;9:361
pubmed: 21156052
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2003 Sep;69(3):244-6
pubmed: 14628938
Malar J. 2014 Apr 16;13:145
pubmed: 24739250
J Infect Dis. 2010 Jun 1;201(11):1764-74
pubmed: 20415536
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1987;81(1):175-6
pubmed: 3445320
P N G Med J. 1986 Mar;29(1):11-7
pubmed: 3529703
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000 Feb;62(2):225-31
pubmed: 10813477
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004 Sep;71(3):277-84
pubmed: 15381806
J Med Entomol. 2002 Jan;39(1):16-27
pubmed: 11931251
P N G Med J. 2014 Mar-Dec;57(1-4):7-29
pubmed: 26930885
J Med Entomol. 1997 Mar;34(2):193-205
pubmed: 9103763
PLoS One. 2013 Sep 27;8(9):e76316
pubmed: 24312682
Malar J. 2009 Feb 13;8:27
pubmed: 19216781
J Infect Dis. 2017 Dec 12;216(11):1434-1443
pubmed: 29029179
PLoS Med. 2012 Jan;9(1):e1001165
pubmed: 22303287
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006 Oct;75(4):588-96
pubmed: 17038678
Med Vet Entomol. 1993 Jan;7(1):37-48
pubmed: 8435487
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1988 Aug;39(2):135-44
pubmed: 3044151
Int J Parasitol. 2009 Nov;39(13):1495-501
pubmed: 19505467
Malar J. 2012 Jun 10;11:192
pubmed: 22682111
Trends Parasitol. 2003 Jun;19(6):250-2
pubmed: 12798081