Subunit Approach to Facelifting and Facial Rejuvenation.

Facial analysis techniques traditionally separate the upper, middle, and lower facial thirds as distinct entities without guidance in achieving aesthetic youthfulness. There is now an opportunity to develop better analytical tools and specific algorithms to help create an overall harmony to the face and restore a youthful appearance. Facial anatomic subunits have similar three-dimensional qualities based on underlying anatomic structures, craniofacial skeletal modeling, superficial and deep facial fat compartments, skin thickness, facial muscle activity, and curvature (flat, convex, concave). This article discusses using the relationships of the facial anatomic subunits to obtain more consistent and natural facial rejuvenation outcomes.

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Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Disclosure Drs B. Azizzadeh and G. Massry have no relevant conflict of interest with this article but do receive royalties from Wiley, Thieme, Elsevier, Springer, and Quality Medical Publishing. Dr R. Fitzgerald does training and research with Allergan, training with Galderma, and is on the advisory board for Allergan and Evolus. Dr E. Smith has no financial disclosures or conflicts of interest. No funding was received for this article.