Intense Sweeteners, Taste Receptors and the Gut Microbiome: A Metabolic Health Perspective.
gut hormone
gut microbiome
metabolism
non-nutritive sweetener
obesity
sweetener
taste receptor
Journal
International journal of environmental research and public health
ISSN: 1660-4601
Titre abrégé: Int J Environ Res Public Health
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101238455
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
08 06 2020
08 06 2020
Historique:
received:
28
04
2020
revised:
01
06
2020
accepted:
05
06
2020
entrez:
12
6
2020
pubmed:
12
6
2020
medline:
11
11
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Intense sweeteners (IS) are often marketed as a healthier alternative to sugars, with the potential to aid in combating the worldwide rise of diabetes and obesity. However, their use has been counterintuitively associated with impaired glucose homeostasis, weight gain and altered gut microbiota. The nature of these associations, and the mechanisms responsible, are yet to be fully elucidated. Differences in their interaction with taste receptors may be a potential explanatory factor. Like sugars, IS stimulate sweet taste receptors, but due to their diverse structures, some are also able to stimulate bitter taste receptors. These receptors are expressed in the oral cavity and extra-orally, including throughout the gastrointestinal tract. They are involved in the modulation of appetite, glucose homeostasis and gut motility. Therefore, taste genotypes resulting in functional receptor changes and altered receptor expression levels may be associated with metabolic conditions. IS and taste receptors may both interact with the gastrointestinal microbiome, and their interactions may potentially explain the relationship between IS use, obesity and metabolic outcomes. While these elements are often studied in isolation, the potential interactions remain unexplored. Here, the current evidence of the relationship between IS use, obesity and metabolic outcomes is presented, and the potential roles for interactions with taste receptors and the gastrointestinal microbiota in modulating these relationships are explored.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32521750
pii: ijerph17114094
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17114094
pmc: PMC7312722
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
0
Sweetening Agents
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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