Proteomic Profiling and Monitoring of Training Distress and Illness in University Swimmers During a 25-Week Competitive Season.

To evaluate relationships of proteomics data, athlete-reported illness, athlete training distress (TDS), and coaches' ratings of distress and performance over the course of the competitive season. Thirty-five NCAA Division II swimmers were recruited to the study (male Thirty-two swimmers completed the protocol. The data were grouped in 2-3 weeks segments to facilitate interpretation and analysis of the data. TDS scores varied between athletes, and were highest during the early fall conditioning ramp up period (8.9 ± 1.6 at baseline to a peak of 22.6 ± 2.0). The percent of athletes reporting illness was high throughout the season (50-78%). Analysis of TDS using Principle Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that 40.5% of the variance (PC1) could be attributed to illness prevalence, and TDS scores for the athletes reporting illness and no illness were different across the season ( TDS and illness were related in this group of 32 collegiate swimmers throughout the competitive season, and expression of immune proteins improved the statistical separation of baseline weeks from the most stressful weeks. TDS data provided by the swimmers did not match their coaches' ratings of distress and swim performance. The importance of the immune system in the reaction to internal and external stress in athletes should be an area of further research.

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