Retroviruses of the Human Virobiota: The Recycling of Viral Genes and the Resulting Advantages for Human Hosts During Evolution.
beneficial functions
evolution
human endogenous retrovirus
symbiotic relationship
syncytin
Journal
Frontiers in microbiology
ISSN: 1664-302X
Titre abrégé: Front Microbiol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101548977
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2020
2020
Historique:
received:
17
01
2020
accepted:
05
05
2020
entrez:
18
6
2020
pubmed:
18
6
2020
medline:
18
6
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
All humans are colonized by a vast diversity of microbes (bacteria, archaea, protozoa, yeast, and fungi; collectively referred to as the microbiota) and viruses (the virobiota). This latter group includes viruses infecting prokaryotic cells (bacteriophages), viruses infecting eukaryotic-host cells, and virus-derived genetic elements present in host chromosomes. Although these eukaryotic viruses are mostly known to be pathogens, they are also able to establish mutualistic relationships with humans. Little is known about the mutualistic aspects of viral infection. Nevertheless, it is clear that evolution of some animal virus-host interactions has led to benefits in the health of the hosts, as is the case with symbiogenesis and endogenization of retroviruses that has exerted a neuroprotective effect on the human brain, and an important role in the fetal development, thus on the evolution of host species. In this review, we summarize how retroviruses provide amazing examples of cooperative-evolution, i.e., successful exchange between viruses and host, and how, in some cases, the benefits have become essential for the hosts' survival.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32547531
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01140
pmc: PMC7270195
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
1140Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2020 Luganini and Gribaudo.
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