Role for risk factor treatment in the management of atrial fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia in the world with continued rising prevalence, significant morbidity and mortality, and a substantial financial burden. It has been associated with numerous modifiable risk factors and chronic medical conditions. Treatment of these modifiable risk factors has improved rhythm control of atrial fibrillation as well as demonstrated cost-effectiveness. Primary prevention of underlying chronic disease should be incorporated into the treatment paradigm for AF. Comprehensive management with integrated care including the patient, allied health professionals, primary care physicians, and specialists will be needed to reverse the epidemiological trends, improve quality of life, and mortality.