The effects of restricted glenohumeral horizontal adduction motion on shoulder and elbow forces in collegiate baseball pitchers.
Baseball
biomechanics
elbow
flexibility
shoulder
throwing
Journal
Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery
ISSN: 1532-6500
Titre abrégé: J Shoulder Elbow Surg
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9206499
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Feb 2021
Feb 2021
Historique:
received:
28
02
2020
revised:
14
05
2020
accepted:
18
05
2020
pubmed:
20
6
2020
medline:
16
6
2021
entrez:
20
6
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Decreased glenohumeral (GH) horizontal adduction range of motion (ROM) among baseball pitchers has been associated with the development of various shoulder and elbow pathologies. No research has examined how this tightness may affect the forces placed on the shoulder and elbow during the pitching motion. Fifty-five asymptomatic National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I baseball pitchers participated. Twenty-five participants had -10° or less horizontal adduction ROM in their throwing shoulder. The remaining 30 participants had greater than -10° of horizontal adduction. A digital inclinometer was used to measure GH horizontal adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation ROM while in 90° of shoulder abduction. Forces produced in the throwing shoulder and elbow were assessed with a 3-dimension, high-speed video capture system and based on the sum of angular momenta of the kinetic chain segments around the center of gravity. Separate 2-tailed t tests were run to determine significant differences between groups (P < .05). Both groups presented with significant bilateral differences in their total arcs of motion (P < .04). This suggests that the loss of horizontal adduction in these groups was at least partially due to soft tissue tightness. There were no significant between-group differences for shoulder external rotation torque or shoulder and elbow distraction (P > .10). The restricted ROM group had significantly more shoulder abduction torque (P = .04), shoulder horizontal abduction torque (P = .004), elbow flexion torque (P = .002), and elbow valgus torque (P = .02) compared with the control group. These results demonstrate that collegiate pitchers with -10° or less of horizontal adduction ROM in their throwing shoulder create significantly more shoulder abduction and horizontal abduction torque, as well as more elbow flexion and valgus torque, during the pitching motion than those with more ROM.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Decreased glenohumeral (GH) horizontal adduction range of motion (ROM) among baseball pitchers has been associated with the development of various shoulder and elbow pathologies. No research has examined how this tightness may affect the forces placed on the shoulder and elbow during the pitching motion.
METHODS
METHODS
Fifty-five asymptomatic National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I baseball pitchers participated. Twenty-five participants had -10° or less horizontal adduction ROM in their throwing shoulder. The remaining 30 participants had greater than -10° of horizontal adduction. A digital inclinometer was used to measure GH horizontal adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation ROM while in 90° of shoulder abduction. Forces produced in the throwing shoulder and elbow were assessed with a 3-dimension, high-speed video capture system and based on the sum of angular momenta of the kinetic chain segments around the center of gravity. Separate 2-tailed t tests were run to determine significant differences between groups (P < .05).
RESULTS
RESULTS
Both groups presented with significant bilateral differences in their total arcs of motion (P < .04). This suggests that the loss of horizontal adduction in these groups was at least partially due to soft tissue tightness. There were no significant between-group differences for shoulder external rotation torque or shoulder and elbow distraction (P > .10). The restricted ROM group had significantly more shoulder abduction torque (P = .04), shoulder horizontal abduction torque (P = .004), elbow flexion torque (P = .002), and elbow valgus torque (P = .02) compared with the control group.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
These results demonstrate that collegiate pitchers with -10° or less of horizontal adduction ROM in their throwing shoulder create significantly more shoulder abduction and horizontal abduction torque, as well as more elbow flexion and valgus torque, during the pitching motion than those with more ROM.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32553855
pii: S1058-2746(20)30479-1
doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.05.029
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
396-400Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2020 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.