The ataxic neuropathies.

Ataxia Dorsal ganglia Immune-mediated Neuronopathy Paraneoplastic Sensory Sjögren

Journal

Journal of neurology
ISSN: 1432-1459
Titre abrégé: J Neurol
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 0423161

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
Oct 2021
Historique:
received: 23 04 2020
accepted: 10 06 2020
revised: 09 06 2020
pubmed: 20 6 2020
medline: 29 9 2021
entrez: 20 6 2020
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Ataxia is a frequent symptom in neurological cases with many causes. Sensory ataxia (due to involvement of the proprioceptive pathways) is observed in conditions affecting the central nervous system (spinal cord disorder) and the peripheral nervous system (peripheral neuropathy). The latter correspond to what we refer to as 'ataxic neuropathies'. Ataxic neuropathies represent a wide and heterogeneous spectrum of disorders that may affect dorsal root nerves, dorsal root ganglia, nerve trunks, distal nerve endings or all of them together. The identification of a predominant sensory ataxia in a case of peripheral neuropathy should raise the possibility of some specific etiologies. We propose here to present the main causes of ataxic neuropathies, which are identified with diagnostic workflows that are dictated by the topography of the likely sites of lesions in the proprioceptive pathway together with the timing of their occurrence (acute, subacute, or chronic).

Identifiants

pubmed: 32556571
doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-09994-y
pii: 10.1007/s00415-020-09994-y
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Review

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

3675-3689

Informations de copyright

© 2020. Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

Références

Simon RP, Aminoff FJ, Greenberg DA (2018) Clinical neurology, 10th edn. McGraw-Hill Education, New York
Schiller F (1976) Venery, the spinal cord, and tabes dorsalis before Romberg: the contribution of Ernst Horn. J Nerv Ment Dis 163:1–9
pubmed: 778342 doi: 10.1097/00005053-197607000-00001
Duchenne GB (1858) De l'ataxie locomotrice progressive, recherches sur une maladie caractérisée spécialement par des troubles généraux de la coordination des mouvements. Arch Gen Med 12:641–652
Friedreich N (1863) Ueber degenerative Atrophie der spinalen Hinterstränge. Arch Pathol Anat Physiol Klin Med 26:391–419
doi: 10.1007/BF01930976
Dejerine J, Thomas A (1902) Tabes. In: Brouardel P, Gilbert A (eds) Traité de médecine et de thérapeutique. J. B. Baillières, Paris, pp 756–859
Van Deen I (1834) De differentia et nexu inter nervos vitae animalis et vitae organicae. J.C. Cyfvreer, Lugduni-Batavorum
Dejerine J (1883) Sur le nervo-tabès périphérique (ataxie locomotrice par névrites périphériques, avec intégrité absolue des racines postérieures, des ganglions spinaux et de la moelle épinière). Compte Rendus Hebd Acad Sci 97:914–916
Denny-Brown D (1948) Primary sensory neuropathy with muscular changes associated with carcinoma. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 11:73–87
pubmed: 18861108 pmcid: 497106 doi: 10.1136/jnnp.11.2.73
Sterman AB, Schaumburg HH, Asbury AK (1980) The acute sensory neuronopathy syndrome: a distinct clinical entity. Ann Neurol 7:354–358
pubmed: 6246836 doi: 10.1002/ana.410070413
Subramony SH, Xia G (2016) Ataxic and cerebellar disorders. In: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Maziotta JC, Pomeroy SL (eds) Bradley's neurology in clinical practice, 5th edn. Elsevier, New York, pp 217–222
Gwathmey KG (2016) Sensory neuronopathies. Muscle Nerve 53:8–19
pubmed: 26467754 doi: 10.1002/mus.24943
Lauria G, Pareyson D, Sghirlanzoni A (2003) Neurophysiological diagnosis of acquired sensory ganglionopathies. Eur Neurol 50:146–152
pubmed: 14530620 doi: 10.1159/000073055
Camdessanché JP, Jousserand G, Ferraud K, Vial C, Petiot P, Honnorat J et al (2009) The pattern and diagnostic criteria of sensory neuronopathy: a case-control study. Brain 132:1723–1733
pubmed: 19506068 pmcid: 2702838 doi: 10.1093/brain/awp136
Sinnreich M, Klein CJ, Daube JR, Engelstad J, Spinner RJ, Dyck PJ (2004) Chronic immune sensory polyradiculopathy: a possibly treatable sensory ataxia. Neurology 63:1662–1669
pubmed: 15534252 doi: 10.1212/01.WNL.0000142507.12763.58
Mathis S, Duval F, Solé G, Tourdias T, Le Masson G (2017) Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy-causing myelopathy. Muscle Nerve 57:E102–E103
pubmed: 28786217 doi: 10.1002/mus.25756
McGrogan A, Madle GC, Seaman HE, de Vries CS (2009) The epidemiology of Guillain-Barré syndrome worldwide. A systematic literature review. Neuroepidemiology 32:150–163
pubmed: 19088488 doi: 10.1159/000184748
Mathis S, Soulages A, Le Masson G, Vallat JM (2020) History of acute polyradiculoneuropathy: II. From 1916 to nowadays. Neurology 94:836–840
pubmed: 32345731 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000009402
Sudulagunta SR, Sodalagunta MB, Sepehrar M, Khorram H, Bangalore Raja SK, Kothandapani S et al (2015) Guillain-Barré syndrome: clinical profile and management. Ger Med Sci 13:Doc16
pubmed: 26421004 pmcid: 4576316
Fukami Y, Wong AH, Funakoshi K, Safri AY, Shahrizaila N, Yuki N (2016) Anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome: anti-ganglioside complex reactivity determines clinical spectrum. Eur J Neurol 23:320–326
pubmed: 26176883 doi: 10.1111/ene.12769
Fisher M (1956) An unusual variant of acute idiopathic polyneuritis (syndrome of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia). N Engl J Med 255:57–65
pubmed: 13334797 doi: 10.1056/NEJM195607122550201 pmcid: 13334797
Odaka M, Yuki N, Hirata K (2001) Anti-GQ1b IgG antibody syndrome: clinical and immunological range. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 70:50–55
pubmed: 11118247 pmcid: 1763462 doi: 10.1136/jnnp.70.1.50
Jung JH, Oh EH, Shin JH, Kim DS, Choi SY, Choi KD et al (2019) Atypical clinical manifestations of Miller Fisher syndrome. Neurol Sci 40:67–73
pubmed: 30232672 doi: 10.1007/s10072-018-3580-2
De Bruyn A, Poesen K, Bossuyt X, Heremans IP, Claeys T, Depuydt CE et al (2019) Clinical spectrum of the anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome: a case series of eight patients. Acta Neurol Belg 119:29–36
pubmed: 30747336 doi: 10.1007/s13760-019-01093-8
Kuwabara S, Sekiguchi Y, Misawa S (2017) Electrophysiology in Fisher syndrome. Clin Neurophysiol 128:215–219
pubmed: 27923188 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.11.009
van Doorn PA, Ruts L, Jacobs BC (2008) Clinical features, pathogenesis, and treatment of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Lancet Neurol 7:939–950
pubmed: 18848313 doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70215-1
Berkowitz AL (2018) Tetanus, botulism, and diphtheria. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 24:1459–1488
Hadfield TL, McEvoy P, Polotsky Y, Tzinserling VA, Yakovlev AA (2000) The pathology of diphtheria. J Infect Dis 181(Suppl 1):S116–S120
pubmed: 10657202 doi: 10.1086/315551
Piradov MA, Pirogov VN, Popova LM, Avdunina IA (2001) Diphtheritic polyneuropathy: clinical analysis of severe forms. Arch Neurol 58:1438–1442
pubmed: 11559316 doi: 10.1001/archneur.58.9.1438
Kuivenhoven M, Mason K (2019) Arsenic (arsine) toxicity. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island
Ohta M (1970) Ultrastructure of sural nerve in a case of arsenical neuropathy. Acta Neuropathol 16:233–242
doi: 10.1007/BF00687363
Graus F, Dalmau J (2013) Paraneoplastic neuropathies. Curr Opin Neurol 26:489–495
pubmed: 23892629 doi: 10.1097/WCO.0b013e328364c020
Oki Y, Koike H, Iijima M, Mori K, Hattori N, Katsuno M et al (2007) Ataxic vs painful form of paraneoplastic neuropathy. Neurology 69:564–572
pubmed: 17679675 doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000266668.03638.94
Titulaer MJ, Soffietti R, Dalmau J, Gilhus NE, Giometto B, Graus F et al (2011) Screening for tumours in paraneoplastic syndromes: report of an EFNS task force. Eur J Neurol 18:19–e3
pubmed: 20880069 doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03220.x
Mariette X, Criswell LA (2018) Primary Sjögren's syndrome. N Engl J Med 378:931–9
pubmed: 29514034 doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp1702514
Mori K, Iijima M, Koike H, Hattori N, Tanaka F, Watanabe H et al (2005) The wide spectrum of clinical manifestations in Sjögren's syndrome-associated neuropathy. Brain 128:2518–34
pubmed: 16049042 doi: 10.1093/brain/awh605 pmcid: 16049042
Griffin JW, Cornblath DR, Alexander E, Campbell J, Low PA, Bird S et al (1990) Ataxic sensory neuropathy and dorsal root ganglionitis associated with Sjögren's syndrome. Ann Neurol 27:304–15
pubmed: 2327738 doi: 10.1002/ana.410270313 pmcid: 2327738
McCoy SS, Baer AN (2017) Neurological complications of Sjogren's syndrome: diagnosis and management. Curr Treat Opt Rheumatol 3:275–88
doi: 10.1007/s40674-017-0076-9
Staff NP, Cavaletti G, Islam B, Lustberg M, Psimaras D, Tamburin S (2019) Platinum-induced peripheral neurotoxicity: from pathogenesis to treatment. J Peripher Nerv Syst 24(Suppl 2):S26–S39
pubmed: 31647151 pmcid: 6818741
Argyriou AA, Cavaletti G, Bruna J, Kyritsis AP, Kalofonos HP (2014) Bortezomib-induced peripheral neurotoxicity: an update. Arch Toxicol 88:1669–79
pubmed: 25069804 doi: 10.1007/s00204-014-1316-5
Echaniz-Laguna A, Mourot-Cottet R, Noel E, Chanson JB (2018) Regressive pyridoxine-induced sensory neuronopathy in a patient with homocystinuria. BMJ Case Rep 2018:bcr2018225059
pmcid: 6040505 doi: 10.1136/bcr-2018-225059 pubmed: 6040505
Bender DA (2001) Nutritional and non-nutritional uses of vitamin B6. In: Ransley JK, Donnelly JK, Read NW (eds) Food and nutritional supplements their role in health and disease. Springer, Berlin, pp 81–99
doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-56623-3_6
Schaumburg H, Kaplan J, Windebank A, Vick N, Rasmus S, Pleasure D et al (1983) Sensory neuropathy from pyridoxine abuse. A new megavitamin syndrome. N Engl J Med 309:445–8
pubmed: 6308447 doi: 10.1056/NEJM198308253090801
Jackson AC (2018) Chronic neurological disease due to methylmercury poisoning. Can J Neurol Sci 45:620–3
pubmed: 30278852 doi: 10.1017/cjn.2018.323
Franques J, Chiche L, De Paula AM, Grapperon AM, Attarian S, Pouget J et al (2019) Characteristics of patients with vitamin B12-responsive neuropathy: a case series with systematic repeated electrophysiological assessment. Neurol Res 41:569–76
pubmed: 30887907 doi: 10.1080/01616412.2019.1588490
Hadjivassiliou M, Rao DG, Wharton SB, Sanders DS, Grunewald RA, Davies-Jones AG (2010) Sensory ganglionopathy due to gluten sensitivity. Neurology 75:1003–8
pubmed: 20837968 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181f25ee0
Gwathmey KG, Grogan J (2019) Nutritional neuropathies. Muscle Nerve. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.26783
doi: 10.1002/mus.26783 pubmed: 31837157
Gonzalez H, Koralnik IJ, Marra CM (2019) Neurosyphilis. Semin Neurol 39:448–55
pubmed: 31533185 doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1688942
Verbiest HB, van Woerkom TC, Dumas AM, Bots GT, Endtz LJ (1990) Subacute progressive sensory ataxic neuronopathy after Rickettsia conorii infection. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 92:81–5
pubmed: 2154361 doi: 10.1016/0303-8467(90)90013-U
Martinez ARM, Casseb RF, Martins CR Jr, Nucci A, Franca MC Jr (2018) Sensory neuronopathy heralding human T cell lymphotropic virus type I myelopathy. J Neurovirol 24:369–71
pubmed: 29318453 doi: 10.1007/s13365-017-0609-x
Scaravilli F, Sinclair E, Arango JC, Manji H, Lucas S, Harrison MJ (1992) The pathology of the posterior root ganglia in AIDS and its relationship to the pallor of the gracile tract. Acta Neuropathol 84:163–70
pubmed: 1326204 doi: 10.1007/BF00311390
Viala K, Béhin A, Maisonobe T, Léger JM, Stojkovic T, Davi F et al (2008) Neuropathy in lymphoma: a relationship between the pattern of neuropathy, type of lymphoma and prognosis? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 79:778–82
pubmed: 17971432 doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2007.125930
Kieseier BC, Mathey EK, Sommer C, Hartung HP (2018) Immune-mediated neuropathies. Nat Rev Dis Prim 4:31
pubmed: 30310069 doi: 10.1038/s41572-018-0027-2
Joint Task Force of the EFNS and the PNS (2010) European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society Guideline on management of paraproteinemic demyelinating neuropathies. Report of a Joint Task Force of the European Federation of Neurological Societies and the Peripheral Nerve Society–first revision. J Peripher Nerv Syst 15:185–95
doi: 10.1111/j.1529-8027.2010.00278.x
Doneddu PE, Cocito D, Manganelli F, Fazio R, Briani C, Filosto M et al (2019) Atypical CIDP: diagnostic criteria, progression and treatment response. Data from the Italian CIDP database. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 90:125–32
pubmed: 30297520 doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-318714
Kuwahara M, Suzuki H, Samukawa M, Hamada Y, Takada K, Kusunoki S (2013) Clinical features of CIDP with LM1-associated antibodies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 84:573–5
pubmed: 23138763 doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2012-303440
Grimm A, Oertl H, Auffenberg E, Schubert V, Ruschil C, Axer H et al (2019) Differentiation between Guillain-Barré syndrome and acute-onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuritis—a prospective follow-up study using ultrasound and neurophysiological measurements. Neurotherapeutics 16:838–47
pubmed: 30756363 pmcid: 6694337 doi: 10.1007/s13311-019-00716-5
Larue S, Bombelli F, Viala K, Neil J, Maisonobe T, Bouche P et al (2011) Non-anti-MAG DADS neuropathy as a variant of CIDP: clinical, electrophysiological, laboratory features and response to treatment in 10 cases. Eur J Neurol 18:899–905
pubmed: 21199182 doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03312.x
Uncini A, Vallat JM (2018) Autoimmune nodo-paranodopathies of peripheral nerve: the concept is gaining ground. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 89:627–35
pubmed: 29248893 doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2017-317192
Illa I (2017) ARTHUR ASBURY LECTURE: chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: clinical aspects and new animal models of auto-immunity to nodal components. J Peripher Nerv Syst 22:418–24
pubmed: 29065233 doi: 10.1111/jns.12237
Koike H, Katsuno M (2020) Pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: insights into classification and therapeutic strategy. Neurol Ther. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40120-020-00190-8
doi: 10.1007/s40120-020-00190-8 pubmed: 32948978 pmcid: 7500251
Delmont E, Manso C, Querol L, Cortese A, Berardinelli A, Lozza A et al (2017) Autoantibodies to nodal isoforms of neurofascin in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Brain 140:1851–8
pubmed: 28575198 doi: 10.1093/brain/awx124 pmcid: 28575198
Dalakas MC (1986) Chronic idiopathic ataxic neuropathy. Ann Neurol 19:545–54
pubmed: 3014995 doi: 10.1002/ana.410190605 pmcid: 3014995
Dalakas MC, Quarles RH (1996) Autoimmune ataxic neuropathies (sensory ganglionopathies): are glycolipids the responsible autoantigens? Ann Neurol 39:419–22
pubmed: 8619518 doi: 10.1002/ana.410390402 pmcid: 8619518
Antoine JC, Robert-Varvat F, Maisonobe T, Créange A, Franques J, Mathis S et al (2014) Testing the validity of a set of diagnostic criteria for sensory neuronopathies: a francophone collaborative study. J Neurol 261:2093–100
pubmed: 25108558 doi: 10.1007/s00415-014-7423-7 pmcid: 25108558
Antoine JC, Boutahar N, Lassablière F, Reynaud E, Ferraud K, Rogemond V et al (2015) Antifibroblast growth factor receptor 3 antibodies identify a subgroup of patients with sensory neuropathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 86:1347–55
pubmed: 25628376 doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309730 pmcid: 25628376
Tholance Y, Moritz CP, Rosier C, Ferraud K, Lassablière F, Reynaud-Federspiel E et al (2019) Clinical characterisation of sensory neuropathy with anti-FGFR3 autoantibodies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 91:49–57
pubmed: 31690697 doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-321849
Tang MH, Mathis S, Duffau P, Cazenave P, Solé G, Duval F et al (2019) Prognostic factor of poor outcome in anti-MAG neuropathy: clinical and electrophysiological analysis of a French Cohort. J Neurol 267:561–71
pubmed: 31705291 doi: 10.1007/s00415-019-09618-0
Dalakas MC (2018) Advances in the diagnosis, immunopathogenesis and therapies of IgM-anti-MAG antibody-mediated neuropathies. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 11:1756285617746640
pubmed: 29403542 pmcid: 5791554
Mathis S, Franques J, Richard L, Vallat JM (2016) Monoclonal gammopathy of undeterminated significance and endoneurial IgG deposition: a case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 95:e4807
doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000004807
Ilyas AA, Quarles RH, Dalakas MC, Fishman PH, Brady RO (1985) Monoclonal IgM in a patient with paraproteinemic polyneuropathy binds to gangliosides containing disialosyl groups. Ann Neurol 18:655–9
pubmed: 2417543 doi: 10.1002/ana.410180605
Willison HJ, O'Hanlon GM, Paterson G, Veitch J, Wilson G, Roberts M et al (1996) A somatically mutated human antiganglioside IgM antibody that induces experimental neuropathy in mice is encoded by the variable region heavy chain gene, V1–18. J Clin Invest 97:1155–64
pubmed: 8636426 pmcid: 507167 doi: 10.1172/JCI118529
Yuki N, Uncini A (2014) Acute and chronic ataxic neuropathies with disialosyl antibodies: a continuous clinical spectrum and a common pathophysiological mechanism. Muscle Nerve 49:629–35
pubmed: 24477718 doi: 10.1002/mus.24192
Dispenzieri A (2019) POEMS syndrome: 2019 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management. Am J Hematol 94:812–27
pubmed: 31012139
Bowley MP, Chad DA (2019) Clinical neurophysiology of demyelinating polyneuropathy. Handb Clin Neurol 161:241–68
pubmed: 31307604 doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64142-7.00052-7
Naeije G, Bourguignon M, Wens V, Marty B, Goldman S, Hari R et al (2019) Electrophysiological evidence for limited progression of the proprioceptive impairment in Friedreich ataxia. Clin Neurophysiol 131:574–6
pubmed: 31839397 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.10.021
Schuelke M (1993) Ataxia with vitamin E deficiency 1993–2020. University of Washington, Seattle
Auer-Grumbach M, Strasser-Fuchs S, Wagner K, Korner E, Fazekas F (1998) Roussy-Lévy syndrome is a phenotypic variant of Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome IA associated with a duplication on chromosome 17p11.2. J Neurol Sci 154:72–5
pubmed: 9543325 doi: 10.1016/S0022-510X(97)00218-9
Marchesi C, Milani M, Morbin M, Cesani M, Lauria G, Scaioli V et al (2010) Four novel cases of periaxin-related neuropathy and review of the literature. Neurology 75:1830–8
pubmed: 21079185 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181fd6314
Infante J, Garcia A, Serrano-Cardenas KM, Gonzalez-Aguado R, Gazulla J, de Lucas EM et al (2018) Cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS) with chronic cough and preserved muscle stretch reflexes: evidence for selective sparing of afferent Ia fibres. J Neurol 265:1454–62
pubmed: 29696497 doi: 10.1007/s00415-018-8872-1 pmcid: 29696497
Finsterer J (2011) Inherited mitochondrial neuropathies. J Neurol Sci 304:9–16
pubmed: 21402391 doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.02.012

Auteurs

Stéphane Mathis (S)

Department of Neurology, Nerve-Muscle Unit, CHU Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux, 1 place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux, France. stephane.mathis@chu-bordeaux.fr.
AOC National Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, CHU Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux, 1 place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux, France. stephane.mathis@chu-bordeaux.fr.

Fanny Duval (F)

Department of Neurology, Nerve-Muscle Unit, CHU Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux, 1 place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux, France.
AOC National Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, CHU Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux, 1 place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux, France.

Antoine Soulages (A)

Department of Neurology, Nerve-Muscle Unit, CHU Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux, 1 place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux, France.
AOC National Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, CHU Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux, 1 place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux, France.

Guilhem Solé (G)

Department of Neurology, Nerve-Muscle Unit, CHU Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux, 1 place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux, France.
AOC National Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, CHU Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux, 1 place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux, France.

Gwendal Le Masson (G)

Department of Neurology, Nerve-Muscle Unit, CHU Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux, 1 place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux, France.
AOC National Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, CHU Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux, 1 place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux, France.

Articles similaires

[Redispensing of expensive oral anticancer medicines: a practical application].

Lisanne N van Merendonk, Kübra Akgöl, Bastiaan Nuijen
1.00
Humans Antineoplastic Agents Administration, Oral Drug Costs Counterfeit Drugs

Smoking Cessation and Incident Cardiovascular Disease.

Jun Hwan Cho, Seung Yong Shin, Hoseob Kim et al.
1.00
Humans Male Smoking Cessation Cardiovascular Diseases Female
Humans United States Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Medicare Part C
1.00
Humans Yoga Low Back Pain Female Male

Classifications MeSH