Biased-corrected richness estimates for the Amazonian tree flora.


Journal

Scientific reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
Titre abrégé: Sci Rep
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101563288

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
23 06 2020
Historique:
received: 21 11 2019
accepted: 19 05 2020
entrez: 25 6 2020
pubmed: 25 6 2020
medline: 16 1 2021
Statut: epublish

Résumé

Amazonian forests are extraordinarily diverse, but the estimated species richness is very much debated. Here, we apply an ensemble of parametric estimators and a novel technique that includes conspecific spatial aggregation to an extended database of forest plots with up-to-date taxonomy. We show that the species abundance distribution of Amazonia is best approximated by a logseries with aggregated individuals, where aggregation increases with rarity. By averaging several methods to estimate total richness, we confirm that over 15,000 tree species are expected to occur in Amazonia. We also show that using ten times the number of plots would result in an increase to just ~50% of those 15,000 estimated species. To get a more complete sample of all tree species, rigorous field campaigns may be needed but the number of trees in Amazonia will remain an estimate for years to come.

Identifiants

pubmed: 32576943
doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66686-3
pii: 10.1038/s41598-020-66686-3
pmc: PMC7311553
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

10130

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Auteurs

Hans Ter Steege (H)

Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands. hans.tersteege@naturalis.nl.
Systems Ecology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands. hans.tersteege@naturalis.nl.

Paulo I Prado (PI)

Instituto de Biociências - Dept. Ecologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, no. 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil. prado@ib.usp.br.

Renato A F de Lima (RAF)

Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands.
Instituto de Biociências - Dept. Ecologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, no. 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil.

Edwin Pos (E)

Ecology & Biodiversity Group, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands.

Luiz de Souza Coelho (L)

Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

Diogenes de Andrade Lima Filho (D)

Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

Rafael P Salomão (RP)

Programa Professor Visitante Nacional Sênior na Amazônia - CAPES, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Av. Perimetral, s/n, Belém, PA, Brazil.
Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata 376, C.P. 399, Belém, PA, 66040-170, Brazil.

Iêda Leão Amaral (IL)

Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos (FD)

Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

Carolina V Castilho (CV)

EMBRAPA - Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal de Roraima, BR 174, km 8 - Distrito Industrial, Boa Vista, RR, 69301-970, Brazil.

Oliver L Phillips (OL)

School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.

Juan Ernesto Guevara (JE)

Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud-BIOMAS, Universidad de las Américas, Campus Queri, Quito, Ecuador.
Keller Science Action Center, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60605-2496, USA.

Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim (M)

Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Amapá - IEPA, Rodovia JK, Km 10, Campus do IEPA da Fazendinha, Amapá, 68901-025, Brazil.

Dairon Cárdenas López (D)

Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Instituto SINCHI, Calle 20 No 5-44, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.

William E Magnusson (WE)

Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

Florian Wittmann (F)

Dep. of Wetland Ecology, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - KIT, Josefstr.1, Rastatt, D-76437, Germany.
Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner Weg 1, Mainz, 55128, Germany.

Maria Pires Martins (MP)

Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

Daniel Sabatier (D)

AMAP, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34398, France.

Mariana Victória Irume (MV)

Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

José Renan da Silva Guimarães (JR)

Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Amapá - IEPA, Rodovia JK, Km 10, Campus do IEPA da Fazendinha, Amapá, 68901-025, Brazil.

Jean-François Molino (JF)

AMAP, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34398, France.

Olaf S Bánki (OS)

Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands.

Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade (MTF)

Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

Nigel C A Pitman (NCA)

Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60605-2496, USA.

José Ferreira Ramos (JF)

Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

Abel Monteagudo Mendoza (A)

Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru.

Eduardo Martins Venticinque (EM)

Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, RN, 59072-970, Brazil.

Bruno Garcia Luize (BG)

Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Instituto de Biociências - IB, Av. 24 A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil.

Percy Núñez Vargas (P)

Herbario Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Avenida de la Cultura, Nro 733, Cusco, Cuzco, Peru.

Thiago Sanna Freire Silva (TSF)

Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.

Evlyn Márcia Moraes de Leão Novo (EMM)

Divisao de Sensoriamento Remoto - DSR, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE, Av. dos Astronautas, 1758, Jardim da Granja, São José dos Campos, SP, 12227-010, Brazil.

Neidiane Farias Costa Reis (NFC)

Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia PPG- Bionorte, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus Porto Velho Km 9,5 bairro Rural, Porto Velho, RO, 76.824-027, Brazil.

John Terborgh (J)

Department of Biology and Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia.

Angelo Gilberto Manzatto (AG)

Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Rodovia BR 364 s/n Km 9,5 - Sentido Acre, Unir, Porto Velho, RO, 76.824-027, Brazil.

Katia Regina Casula (KR)

Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia PPG- Bionorte, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus Porto Velho Km 9,5 bairro Rural, Porto Velho, RO, 76.824-027, Brazil.

Euridice N Honorio Coronado (EN)

School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Av. A. Quiñones km 2,5, Iquitos, Loreto, 784, Peru.

Juan Carlos Montero (JC)

Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.
Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Av. 6 de agosto #28, Km. 14, Doble via La Guardia, Casilla 6204, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.

Alvaro Duque (A)

Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 64 x Cra 65, Medellín, Antioquia, 1027, Colombia.

Flávia R C Costa (FRC)

Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

Nicolás Castaño Arboleda (N)

Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Instituto SINCHI, Calle 20 No 5-44, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.

Jochen Schöngart (J)

Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

Charles Eugene Zartman (CE)

Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

Timothy J Killeen (TJ)

Agteca-Amazonica, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.

Beatriz S Marimon (BS)

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil.

Ben Hur Marimon-Junior (BH)

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil.

Rodolfo Vasquez (R)

Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru.

Bonifacio Mostacedo (B)

Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.

Layon O Demarchi (LO)

Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

Ted R Feldpausch (TR)

School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK.

Julien Engel (J)

AMAP, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34398, France.
International Center for Tropical Botany (ICTB) Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, OE 243, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.

Pascal Petronelli (P)

Cirad UMR Ecofog, AgrosParisTech,CNRS,INRA,Univ Guyane, Campus agronomique, Kourou Cedex, 97379, France.

Chris Baraloto (C)

International Center for Tropical Botany (ICTB) Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, OE 243, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.

Rafael L Assis (RL)

Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Postboks 1172, Oslo, 0318, Norway.

Hernán Castellanos (H)

Centro de Investigaciones Ecológicas de Guayana, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Calle Chile, urbaniz Chilemex, Puerto Ordaz, Bolivar, Venezuela.

Marcelo Fragomeni Simon (MF)

Prédio da Botânica e Ecologia, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, Av. W5 Norte, Brasilia, DF, 70770-917, Brazil.

Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros (MB)

Prédio da Botânica e Ecologia, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, Av. W5 Norte, Brasilia, DF, 70770-917, Brazil.

Adriano Quaresma (A)

Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

Susan G W Laurance (SGW)

Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia.

Lorena M Rincón (LM)

Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

Ana Andrade (A)

Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

Thaiane R Sousa (TR)

Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

José Luís Camargo (JL)

Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

Juliana Schietti (J)

Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

William F Laurance (WF)

Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia.

Helder Lima de Queiroz (HL)

Diretoria Técnico-Científica, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69470-000, Brazil.

Henrique Eduardo Mendonça Nascimento (HEM)

Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

Maria Aparecida Lopes (MA)

Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa 01, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.

Emanuelle de Sousa Farias (E)

Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis da Amazônia (EDTA), Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Rua Terezina, 476, Adrianópolis, Manaus, AM, 69060-001, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Pav. Arthur Neiva - Térreo, Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.

José Leonardo Lima Magalhães (JLL)

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa 01, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Trav. Dr. Enéas Pinheiro s/n°, Belém, PA, 66095-100, Brazil.

Roel Brienen (R)

School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.

Gerardo A Aymard C (GA)

Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), UNELLEZ-Guanare, Guanare, Portuguesa, 3350, Venezuela.

Juan David Cardenas Revilla (JDC)

Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira (ICG)

Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata 376, C.P. 399, Belém, PA, 66040-170, Brazil.

Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cintra (BBL)

Instituto de Biociências - Dept. Botanica, Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP, Rua do Matão 277, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil.

Pablo R Stevenson (PR)

Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18a- 10, Bogotá, DC, 111711, Colombia.

Yuri Oliveira Feitosa (YO)

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia (Botânica), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

Joost F Duivenvoorden (JF)

Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands.

Hugo F Mogollón (HF)

Endangered Species Coalition, 8530 Geren Rd., Silver Spring, MD, 20901, USA.

Alejandro Araujo-Murakami (A)

Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Avenida Irala 565 Casilla Post al 2489, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.

Leandro Valle Ferreira (LV)

Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata 376, C.P. 399, Belém, PA, 66040-170, Brazil.

José Rafael Lozada (JR)

Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes, Via Chorros de Milla, 5101, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela.

James A Comiskey (JA)

Inventory and Monitoring Program, National Park Service, 120 Chatham Lane, Fredericksburg, VA, 22405, USA.
Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1100 Jefferson Dr. SW, Suite 3123, Washington, DC, 20560-0705, USA.

José Julio de Toledo (JJ)

Universidade Federal do Amapá, Ciências Ambientais, Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek km2, Macapá, AP, 68902-280, Brazil.

Gabriel Damasco (G)

Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA.

Nállarett Dávila (N)

Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6109, Campinas, SP, 13.083-970, Brazil.

Aline Lopes (A)

Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.
Department of Ecology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, 70904-970, Brazil.

Roosevelt García-Villacorta (R)

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Corson Hall, 215 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
Peruvian Center for Biodiversity and Conservation (PCBC), Iquitos, Peru.

Freddie Draper (F)

International Center for Tropical Botany (ICTB) Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, OE 243, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama St., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.

Alberto Vicentini (A)

Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

Fernando Cornejo Valverde (F)

Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, Madre de Dios, Madre de Dios, Peru.

Jon Lloyd (J)

Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.

Vitor H F Gomes (VHF)

Escola de Negócios Tecnologia e Inovação, Centro Universitário do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa 01, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.

David Neill (D)

Ecosistemas, Biodiversidad y Conservación de Especies, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Km. 2 1/2 vía a Tena (Paso Lateral), Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador.

Alfonso Alonso (A)

Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1100 Jefferson Dr. SW, Suite 3123, Washington, DC, 20560-0705, USA.

Francisco Dallmeier (F)

Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1100 Jefferson Dr. SW, Suite 3123, Washington, DC, 20560-0705, USA.

Fernanda Coelho de Souza (FC)

School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

Rogerio Gribel (R)

Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

Luzmila Arroyo (L)

Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Avenida Irala 565 Casilla Post al 2489, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.

Fernanda Antunes Carvalho (FA)

Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.

Daniel Praia Portela de Aguiar (DPP)

Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

Dário Dantas do Amaral (DD)

Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata 376, C.P. 399, Belém, PA, 66040-170, Brazil.

Marcelo Petratti Pansonato (MP)

Instituto de Biociências - Dept. Ecologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, no. 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil.
Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

Kenneth J Feeley (KJ)

Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA.
Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Coral Gables, FL, 33156, USA.

Erika Berenguer (E)

Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX1 3QY, UK.
Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, LA1 4YQ, UK.

Paul V A Fine (PVA)

Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA.

Marcelino Carneiro Guedes (MC)

Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Amapá, Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek km 5, Macapá, Amapá, 68903-419, Brazil.

Jos Barlow (J)

Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, LA1 4YQ, UK.

Joice Ferreira (J)

Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Trav. Dr. Enéas Pinheiro s/n°, Belém, PA, 66095-100, Brazil.

Boris Villa (B)

Direccíon de Evaluación Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre, Av. Javier Praod Oeste 693, Magdalena del Mar, Peru.

Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora (MC)

Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, Km 7 via Muyuna, Tena, Napo, Ecuador.

Eliana M Jimenez (EM)

Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Fauna y Flora Silvestre, Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Imani, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Amazonia, Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia.

Juan Carlos Licona (JC)

Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Av. 6 de agosto #28, Km. 14, Doble via La Guardia, Casilla 6204, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.

Carlos Cerón (C)

Escuela de Biología Herbario Alfredo Paredes, Universidad Central, Ap. Postal 17.01.2177, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador.

Raquel Thomas (R)

Iwokrama International Centre for Rain Forest Conservation and Development, Georgetown, Guyana.

Paul Maas (P)

Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands.

Marcos Silveira (M)

Museu Universitário/Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza/Laboratório de Botânica e Ecologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, AC, 69915-559, Brazil.

Terry W Henkel (TW)

Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst Street, Arcata, CA, 95521, USA.

Juliana Stropp (J)

Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceio, AL, 57072-970, Brazil.

Marcos Ríos Paredes (MR)

Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, Jr. Independencia 405, Iquitos, Loreto, 784, Peru.

Kyle G Dexter (KG)

School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, 201 Crew Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, UK.
Tropical Diversity Section, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH3 5LR, UK.

Doug Daly (D)

New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd, Bronx, New York, NY, 10458-5126, USA.

Tim R Baker (TR)

School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.

Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco (I)

Herbario Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Avenida de la Cultura, Nro 733, Cusco, Cuzco, Peru.

William Milliken (W)

Natural Capital and Plant Health, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK.

Toby Pennington (T)

Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK.
Tropical Diversity Section, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH3 5LR, UK.

J Sebastián Tello (JS)

Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166-0299, USA.

José Luis Marcelo Pena (JLM)

Universidad Nacional de Jaén, Carretera Jaén San Ignacio Km 23, Jaén, Cajamarca, 06801, Peru.

Carlos A Peres (CA)

School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.

Bente Klitgaard (B)

Department for Identification & Naming, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK.

Alfredo Fuentes (A)

Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166-0299, USA.
Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universitario UMSA, Casilla 10077 Correo Central, La Paz, La Paz, Bolivia.

Miles R Silman (MR)

Biology Department and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston Salem, NC, 27106, USA.

Anthony Di Fiore (A)

Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, SAC 5.150, 2201 Speedway Stop C3200, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.

Patricio von Hildebrand (P)

Fundación Estación de Biología, Cra 10 No. 24-76 Oficina 1201, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.

Jerome Chave (J)

Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS and Université Paul Sabatier, UMR 5174 EDB, Toulouse, 31000, France.

Tinde R van Andel (TR)

Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands.
Biosystematics group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.

Renato Richard Hilário (RR)

Universidade Federal do Amapá, Ciências Ambientais, Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek km2, Macapá, AP, 68902-280, Brazil.

Juan Fernando Phillips (JF)

Fundación Puerto Rastrojo, Cra 10 No. 24-76 Oficina 1201, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.

Gonzalo Rivas-Torres (G)

Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales-COCIBA & Galapagos Institute for the Arts and Sciences-GAIAS, Universidad San Francisco de Quito-USFQ, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador.
Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.

Janaína Costa Noronha (JC)

ICNHS, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Alexandre Ferronato 1200, Setor Industrial, Sinop, MT, 78.557-267, Brazil.

Adriana Prieto (A)

Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado 7945, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.

Therany Gonzales (T)

ACEER Foundation, Jirón Cusco N° 370, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Peru.

Rainiellene de Sá Carpanedo (R)

ICNHS, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Alexandre Ferronato 1200, Setor Industrial, Sinop, MT, 78.557-267, Brazil.

George Pepe Gallardo Gonzales (GPG)

Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, Jr. Independencia 405, Iquitos, Loreto, 784, Peru.

Ricardo Zárate Gómez (RZ)

PROTERRA, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Av. A. Quiñones km 2,5, Iquitos, Loreto, 784, Peru.

Domingos de Jesus Rodrigues (D)

ICNHS, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Alexandre Ferronato 1200, Setor Industrial, Sinop, MT, 78.557-267, Brazil.

Egleé L Zent (EL)

Laboratory of Human Ecology, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, Ado 20632, Caracas, DC, 1020 A, Venezuela.

Ademir R Ruschel (AR)

Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Trav. Dr. Enéas Pinheiro s/n°, Belém, PA, 66095-100, Brazil.

Vincent Antoine Vos (VA)

Universidad Autónoma del Beni José Ballivián, Campus Universitario Final, Av. Ejercito, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia.

Émile Fonty (É)

AMAP, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34398, France.
Direction régionale de la Guyane, ONF, Cayenne, F-97300, French Guiana.

André Braga Junqueira (AB)

Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.

Hilda Paulette Dávila Doza (HPD)

Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, Jr. Independencia 405, Iquitos, Loreto, 784, Peru.

Bruce Hoffman (B)

Amazon Conservation Team, Doekhieweg Oost #24, Paramaribo, Suriname.

Stanford Zent (S)

Laboratory of Human Ecology, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, Ado 20632, Caracas, DC, 1020 A, Venezuela.

Edelcilio Marques Barbosa (EM)

Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

Yadvinder Malhi (Y)

Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, England, OX1 3QY, UK.

Luiz Carlos de Matos Bonates (LC)

Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

Ires Paula de Andrade Miranda (IP)

Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

Natalino Silva (N)

Instituto de Ciência Agrárias, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501, Belém, PA, 66.077-830, Brazil.

Flávia Rodrigues Barbosa (FR)

ICNHS, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Alexandre Ferronato 1200, Setor Industrial, Sinop, MT, 78.557-267, Brazil.

César I A Vela (CIA)

Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Forestal, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Jirón San Martín 451, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Peru.

Linder Felipe Mozombite Pinto (LFM)

Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, Jr. Independencia 405, Iquitos, Loreto, 784, Peru.

Agustín Rudas (A)

Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado 7945, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.

Bianca Weiss Albuquerque (BW)

Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

Maria Natalia Umaña (MN)

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.

Yrma Andreina Carrero Márquez (YA)

Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes, Via Chorros de Milla, 5101, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela.

Geertje van der Heijden (G)

University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.

Kenneth R Young (KR)

Geography and the Environment, University of Texas at Austin, 305 E. 23rd Street, CLA building, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.

Milton Tirado (M)

GeoIS, El Día 369 y El Telégrafo, 3° Piso, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador.

Diego F Correa (DF)

Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18a- 10, Bogotá, DC, 111711, Colombia.
School of Agriculture and Food Sciences - ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions CEED, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.

Rodrigo Sierra (R)

GeoIS, El Día 369 y El Telégrafo, 3° Piso, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador.

Janaina Barbosa Pedrosa Costa (JBP)

Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Amapá, Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek km 5, Macapá, Amapá, 68903-419, Brazil.

Maira Rocha (M)

Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

Emilio Vilanova Torre (E)

Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, 5101, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela.
School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Ophelia Wang (O)

Environmental Science and Policy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA.

Alexandre A Oliveira (AA)

Instituto de Biociências - Dept. Ecologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, no. 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil.

Michelle Kalamandeen (M)

School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario, P3E 2C6, Canada.

Corine Vriesendorp (C)

Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60605-2496, USA.

Hirma Ramirez-Angulo (H)

Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, 5101, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela.

Milena Holmgren (M)

Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, Lumen, building number 100, Wageningen, Gelderland, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.

Marcelo Trindade Nascimento (MT)

Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goyatacazes, RJ, 28013-620, Brazil.

David Galbraith (D)

School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.

Bernardo Monteiro Flores (BM)

University of Campinas, Plant Biology Department, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo, CEP, 13083-862, Brazil.

Veridiana Vizoni Scudeller (VV)

Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM - Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - ICB1, Av General Rodrigo Octavio 6200, Manaus, AM, 69080-900, Brazil.

Angela Cano (A)

Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18a- 10, Bogotá, DC, 111711, Colombia.
Cambridge University Botanic Garden, 1 Brookside, Cambridge, CB2 1JE, UK.

Manuel Augusto Ahuite Reategui (MA)

Medio Ambiente, PLUSPRETOL, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru.

Italo Mesones (I)

Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA.

Cláudia Baider (C)

Instituto de Biociências - Dept. Ecologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, no. 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil.
The Mauritius Herbarium, Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security, Reduit, 80835, Mauritius.

Casimiro Mendoza (C)

Escuela de Ciencias Forestales (ESFOR), Universidad Mayor de San Simon (UMSS), Sacta, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
FOMABO, Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia, Sacta, Cochabamba, Bolivia.

Roderick Zagt (R)

Tropenbos International, Lawickse Allee 11 PO Box 232, Wageningen, 6700 AE, The Netherlands.

Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo (LE)

Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 64 x Cra 65, Medellín, Antioquia, 1027, Colombia.

Cid Ferreira (C)

Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.

Daniel Villarroel (D)

Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Avenida Irala 565 Casilla Post al 2489, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.

Reynaldo Linares-Palomino (R)

Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1100 Jefferson Dr. SW, Suite 3123, Washington, DC, 20560-0705, USA.

William Farfan-Rios (W)

Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166-0299, USA.
Living Earth Collaborative, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.

William Farfan-Rios (W)

Herbario Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Avenida de la Cultura, Nro 733, Cusco, Cuzco, Peru.

Luisa Fernanda Casas (LF)

Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18a- 10, Bogotá, DC, 111711, Colombia.

Sasha Cárdenas (S)

Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18a- 10, Bogotá, DC, 111711, Colombia.

Henrik Balslev (H)

Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Building 1540 Ny Munkegade, Aarhus C, Aarhus, DK, 8000, Denmark.

Armando Torres-Lezama (A)

Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, 5101, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela.

Miguel N Alexiades (MN)

School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Marlowe Building, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NR, UK.

Karina Garcia-Cabrera (K)

Biology Department and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston Salem, NC, 27106, USA.

Luis Valenzuela Gamarra (L)

Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru.

Elvis H Valderrama Sandoval (EH)

Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA.
Facultad de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Pevas 5ta cdra, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru.

Freddy Ramirez Arevalo (F)

Facultad de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Pevas 5ta cdra, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru.

Lionel Hernandez (L)

Centro de Investigaciones Ecológicas de Guayana, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Calle Chile, urbaniz Chilemex, Puerto Ordaz, Bolivar, Venezuela.

Adeilza Felipe Sampaio (AF)

Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia PPG- Bionorte, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus Porto Velho Km 9,5 bairro Rural, Porto Velho, RO, 76.824-027, Brazil.

Susamar Pansini (S)

Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia PPG- Bionorte, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus Porto Velho Km 9,5 bairro Rural, Porto Velho, RO, 76.824-027, Brazil.

Walter Palacios Cuenca (W)

Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador.

Edmar Almeida de Oliveira (EA)

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil.

Daniela Pauletto (D)

Instituto de Biodiversidade e Floresta, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Rua Vera Paz, Campus Tapajós, Santarém, PA, 68015-110, Brazil.

Aurora Levesley (A)

School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.

Karina Melgaço (K)

School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.

Georgia Pickavance (G)

School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.

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