Coronavirus Disease 2019-COVID-19.
COVID-19
One Health
SARS-CoV-2
diagnosis
emerging coronavirus
therapy
vaccines
Journal
Clinical microbiology reviews
ISSN: 1098-6618
Titre abrégé: Clin Microbiol Rev
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8807282
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
16 Sep 2020
16 Sep 2020
Historique:
entrez:
26
6
2020
pubmed:
26
6
2020
medline:
9
7
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
SUMMARYIn recent decades, several new diseases have emerged in different geographical areas, with pathogens including Ebola virus, Zika virus, Nipah virus, and coronaviruses (CoVs). Recently, a new type of viral infection emerged in Wuhan City, China, and initial genomic sequencing data of this virus do not match with previously sequenced CoVs, suggesting a novel CoV strain (2019-nCoV), which has now been termed severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is suspected to originate from an animal host (zoonotic origin) followed by human-to-human transmission, the possibility of other routes should not be ruled out. Compared to diseases caused by previously known human CoVs, COVID-19 shows less severe pathogenesis but higher transmission competence, as is evident from the continuously increasing number of confirmed cases globally. Compared to other emerging viruses, such as Ebola virus, avian H7N9, SARS-CoV, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), SARS-CoV-2 has shown relatively low pathogenicity and moderate transmissibility. Codon usage studies suggest that this novel virus has been transferred from an animal source, such as bats. Early diagnosis by real-time PCR and next-generation sequencing has facilitated the identification of the pathogen at an early stage. Since no antiviral drug or vaccine exists to treat or prevent SARS-CoV-2, potential therapeutic strategies that are currently being evaluated predominantly stem from previous experience with treating SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and other emerging viral diseases. In this review, we address epidemiological, diagnostic, clinical, and therapeutic aspects, including perspectives of vaccines and preventive measures that have already been globally recommended to counter this pandemic virus.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32580969
pii: 33/4/e00028-20
doi: 10.1128/CMR.00028-20
pmc: PMC7405836
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2020 American Society for Microbiology.
Références
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2017 Jan 2;13(1):186-189
pubmed: 27644155
Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2020 Mar 12;43(3):185-188
pubmed: 32164085
Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 Jul - Aug;36:101639
pubmed: 32222420
Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):514-523
pubmed: 31986261
Pathog Glob Health. 2020 Mar;114(2):64-67
pubmed: 32048560
Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020 Dec;9(1):382-385
pubmed: 32065055
Euro Surveill. 2020 Feb;25(5):
pubmed: 32046819
J Virol. 2015 Sep;89(17):9029-43
pubmed: 26085159
Nature. 2020 Jul;583(7815):286-289
pubmed: 32380510
J Virol. 2013 Jul;87(14):8017-28
pubmed: 23678171
Lancet. 2020 Feb 22;395(10224):565-574
pubmed: 32007145
Cell Host Microbe. 2020 May 13;27(5):695-698
pubmed: 32407707
N Engl J Med. 2020 May 7;382(19):1787-1799
pubmed: 32187464
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2015 Apr;28(2):465-522
pubmed: 25810418
J Med Virol. 2020 May;92(5):468-472
pubmed: 32048741
Virology. 2018 Apr;517:88-97
pubmed: 29482919
Emerg Infect Dis. 2005 Jul;11(7):1016-20
pubmed: 16022774
Front Microbiol. 2017 Aug 03;8:1469
pubmed: 28824594
J Travel Med. 2020 Mar 13;27(2):
pubmed: 31985790
Viruses. 2020 Feb 06;12(2):
pubmed: 32041103
J Evid Based Med. 2020 Feb;13(1):3-7
pubmed: 32048815
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2020 Jul 1;75(7):1667-1670
pubmed: 32196083
PLoS One. 2015 Dec 07;10(12):e0144475
pubmed: 26641892
N Engl J Med. 2020 Mar 26;382(13):1199-1207
pubmed: 31995857
PLoS Pathog. 2014 May 01;10(5):e1004077
pubmed: 24788150
Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2020 Apr 12;43(4):273-277
pubmed: 32087621
Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Apr;5(4):335-337
pubmed: 32087098
Lancet Respir Med. 2020 Apr;8(4):420-422
pubmed: 32085846
Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Apr;93:264-267
pubmed: 32114193
Infez Med. 2020 Mar 1;28(1):3-5
pubmed: 32009128
Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 Jan - Feb;33:101567
pubmed: 32006657
Pharm Res. 2020 Mar 25;37(4):71
pubmed: 32215760
J Virol. 2017 Jan 3;91(2):
pubmed: 27807241
Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020 Dec;9(1):275-277
pubmed: 32005086
Virus Res. 2008 Apr;133(1):20-32
pubmed: 17499378
Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):470-473
pubmed: 31986257
Intensive Care Med. 2020 May;46(5):854-887
pubmed: 32222812
J Infect. 2020 May;80(5):e18-e19
pubmed: 32145217
Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020 Dec;9(1):221-236
pubmed: 31987001
Gut. 2020 Jun;69(6):1145-1148
pubmed: 32241901
Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Sep;20(9):1010-1011
pubmed: 32222164
Vet Rec. 2020 Apr 18;186(14):457-458
pubmed: 32299985
Front Immunol. 2018 Aug 10;9:1803
pubmed: 30147687
Emerg Microbes Infect. 2019;8(1):516-530
pubmed: 30938227
Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2020 Feb 05;43(0):E001
pubmed: 32023684
Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 Jan - Feb;33:101566
pubmed: 32007621
Intensive Care Med. 2020 Apr;46(4):576-578
pubmed: 32077996
J Virol. 2012 Apr;86(7):3995-4008
pubmed: 22278237
N Engl J Med. 2020 Feb 20;382(8):727-733
pubmed: 31978945
Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Jul 28;71(15):793-798
pubmed: 32221523
Biosci Trends. 2020 Mar 16;14(1):64-68
pubmed: 32037389
Science. 2003 Oct 10;302(5643):276-8
pubmed: 12958366
BMJ. 2020 Mar 27;368:m1185
pubmed: 32220865
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2007 Oct;20(4):660-94
pubmed: 17934078
Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Jul 28;71(15):882-883
pubmed: 32011673
J Hosp Infect. 2020 Mar;104(3):252-253
pubmed: 32032614
Cell Res. 2020 Mar;30(3):269-271
pubmed: 32020029
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020 Jun;82(6):e221
pubmed: 32283237
BMJ. 2020 Jan 24;368:m308
pubmed: 31980434
J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2020 Apr-Jun;21(2):1470320320926902
pubmed: 32404020
Natl Sci Rev. 2020 Feb;7(2):239-242
pubmed: 32288962
Antiviral Res. 2020 May;177:104762
pubmed: 32147496
PLoS One. 2019 Jul 22;14(7):e0220196
pubmed: 31329652
Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 May;20(5):559-564
pubmed: 32220284
Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Jul 28;71(15):732-739
pubmed: 32150618
Viruses. 2020 Feb 10;12(2):
pubmed: 32050635
J Infect. 2020 Jul;81(1):147-178
pubmed: 32209385
J Infect Dis. 2015 Dec 15;212(12):1904-13
pubmed: 26198719
J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2019 Feb 4;34(1):9-14
pubmed: 32013309
F1000Res. 2020 Jan 27;9:52
pubmed: 32419926
Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2020 Feb 05;43(0):E002
pubmed: 32023685
J Virol. 2010 Nov;84(21):11418-28
pubmed: 20719948
Sci Transl Med. 2017 Jun 28;9(396):
pubmed: 28659436
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020 May;55(5):105938
pubmed: 32171740
Viruses. 2014 Aug 07;6(8):2991-3018
pubmed: 25105276
QJM. 2020 May 1;113(5):309-310
pubmed: 32170953
Nat Biotechnol. 2020 Jul;38(7):870-874
pubmed: 32300245
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Mar 27;69(12):347-352
pubmed: 32214086
Crit Care. 2020 Apr 2;24(1):128
pubmed: 32241301
J Clin Med. 2020 Feb 11;9(2):
pubmed: 32054124
J Virol. 2018 Jan 17;92(3):
pubmed: 29142129
J Virol. 2009 Jul;83(14):7221-34
pubmed: 19420077
Clin Microbiol Rev. 1995 Apr;8(2):293-315
pubmed: 7621403
Biosci Trends. 2020 Mar 16;14(1):72-73
pubmed: 32074550
Nature. 2018 Apr;556(7700):255-258
pubmed: 29618817
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2009 Mar;7(3):226-36
pubmed: 19198616
Lancet Digit Health. 2020 Apr;2(4):e201-e208
pubmed: 32309796
Emerg Infect Dis. 2020 Jul;26(7):1506-1512
pubmed: 32228808
Nat Med. 2013 Oct;19(10):1313-7
pubmed: 24013700
Trials. 2018 Jan 30;19(1):81
pubmed: 29382391
Lancet. 2020 May 23;395(10237):e92
pubmed: 32410758
Lancet. 2020 Mar 14;395(10227):e48
pubmed: 32113506
Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2016 May;15(5):327-47
pubmed: 26868298
J Med Virol. 2020 Apr;92(4):401-402
pubmed: 31950516
Cell. 2020 Apr 16;181(2):281-292.e6
pubmed: 32155444
PeerJ. 2019 Aug 22;7:e7556
pubmed: 31497405
J Med Virol. 2020 Jul;92(7):807-813
pubmed: 32222986
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2020 Feb 07;100(0):E001
pubmed: 32033513
J Med Virol. 2020 Apr;92(4):433-440
pubmed: 31967321
Annu Rev Virol. 2016 Sep 29;3(1):237-261
pubmed: 27578435
J Med Virol. 2020 Apr 28;:
pubmed: 32346874
Virol J. 2019 May 27;16(1):69
pubmed: 31133031
BMJ. 2020 Feb 19;368:m606
pubmed: 32075786
Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Apr;20(4):411-412
pubmed: 32105638
Biosci Trends. 2020 Mar 16;14(1):69-71
pubmed: 31996494
Virol Sin. 2018 Feb;33(1):104-107
pubmed: 29500691
Emerg Infect Dis. 2005 Mar;11(3):446-8
pubmed: 15757562
Microbes Infect. 2013 Jul-Aug;15(8-9):625-9
pubmed: 23791956
Clin Chem. 2020 Jul 1;66(7):975-977
pubmed: 32315390
Viruses. 2020 Feb 25;12(3):
pubmed: 32106567
Radiology. 2020 Aug;296(2):E65-E71
pubmed: 32191588
Nature. 2013 Nov 28;503(7477):535-8
pubmed: 24172901
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2020 Oct;108(4):762-765
pubmed: 32378737
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2005;287:1-30
pubmed: 15609507
Diagnostics (Basel). 2020 Apr 05;10(4):
pubmed: 32260471
Vet Rec. 2020 Apr 18;186(14):458
pubmed: 32299988
JAMA. 2020 Jun 9;323(22):2340-2341
pubmed: 32401274
N Engl J Med. 2020 Feb 20;382(8):760-762
pubmed: 31978944
Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 Mar - Apr;34:101623
pubmed: 32179124
Thorax. 2004 Mar;59(3):252-6
pubmed: 14985565
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jun 29;101(26):9804-9
pubmed: 15210961
JAMA. 2020 Apr 28;323(16):1582-1589
pubmed: 32219428
Arch Med Res. 2020 Jul;51(5):450-452
pubmed: 32331789
Viruses. 2012 Jun;4(6):1011-33
pubmed: 22816037
J Med Virol. 2020 May;92(5):491-494
pubmed: 32056249
Antiviral Res. 2014 Jan;101:105-12
pubmed: 24269477
Lancet. 2020 Mar 7;395(10226):809-815
pubmed: 32151335
Vet Q. 2020 Dec;40(1):68-76
pubmed: 32036774
J Med Virol. 2020 Jun;92(6):667-674
pubmed: 32167180
J Biosci. 2020;45:
pubmed: 32385219
J Virol. 1988 Nov;62(11):4288-95
pubmed: 2845141
Virology. 2007 Oct 25;367(2):428-39
pubmed: 17617433
Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Jul 28;71(15):844-846
pubmed: 32119083
Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Apr;20(4):425-434
pubmed: 32105637
J Clin Med. 2020 Feb 11;9(2):
pubmed: 32054045
Emerg Microbes Infect. 2018 Mar 21;7(1):41
pubmed: 29568066
Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 May 30;:101755
pubmed: 32479816
J Chin Med Assoc. 2020 Mar;83(3):217-220
pubmed: 32134861
Chest. 2020 Jun;157(6):1420-1422
pubmed: 32222587
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2016 Sep;15(9):1123-34
pubmed: 26985862
Viruses. 2020 Jan 24;12(2):
pubmed: 31991541
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2007;315:325-44
pubmed: 17848070
Viruses. 2019 Oct 24;11(11):
pubmed: 31652964
Chin Med J (Engl). 2020 May 5;133(9):1015-1024
pubmed: 32004165
Methods Mol Biol. 2020;2099:137-159
pubmed: 31883094
Nat Med. 2020 Mar;26(3):310-311
pubmed: 31988464
J Virol Methods. 2020 Mar;277:113806
pubmed: 31911390
Trends Microbiol. 2018 Jun;26(6):466-470
pubmed: 29680361
Virus Res. 2020 Jan 15;276:197834
pubmed: 31816342
Adv Virus Res. 2006;66:193-292
pubmed: 16877062
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2020 Jun;20(6):393-405
pubmed: 32374208
J Med Virol. 1994 Oct;44(2):152-61
pubmed: 7852955
Int Health. 2020 Feb 12;12(2):77-85
pubmed: 32040190
J Virol. 2007 Feb;81(4):1701-13
pubmed: 17108030
Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2020 Feb 16;43(0):E014
pubmed: 32061198
Adv Virus Res. 2016;96:165-192
pubmed: 27712623
Lancet. 2020 Feb 29;395(10225):689-697
pubmed: 32014114
Microbes Infect. 2020 Mar;22(2):74-79
pubmed: 32017984
J Virol. 2020 Mar 17;94(7):
pubmed: 31996437
Lancet Infect Dis. 2013 Sep;13(9):752-61
pubmed: 23891402
BMJ. 2020 Feb 18;368:m641
pubmed: 32071063
Indian J Med Res. 2020 Feb & Mar;151(2 & 3):147-159
pubmed: 32362642
J Med Virol. 2020 May;92(5):476-478
pubmed: 32056235
Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 Jan - Feb;33:101578
pubmed: 32044389
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1982;99:165-200
pubmed: 6178564
Viruses. 2020 Jan 20;12(1):
pubmed: 31968702
Lancet Respir Med. 2020 Mar;8(3):e11-e12
pubmed: 32061335
Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2020 Feb 05;43(0):E003
pubmed: 32023686
Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Mar;20(3):279-280
pubmed: 32057299
Lancet Infect Dis. 2018 Aug;18(8):e217-e227
pubmed: 29680581
J Gen Virol. 2005 May;86(Pt 5):1423-1434
pubmed: 15831954
Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2006 Aug;13(8):751-2
pubmed: 16845391
Science. 2020 Jan 31;367(6477):492-493
pubmed: 32001631
Lancet Psychiatry. 2020 Mar;7(3):e14
pubmed: 32035030
BMJ. 2020 Apr 7;369:m1328
pubmed: 32265220
Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 Mar - Apr;34:101630
pubmed: 32184130
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jul 20;727:138647
pubmed: 32315907
Pak J Biol Sci. 2014 Jun;17(6):751-67
pubmed: 26035949
BMJ. 2020 Jan 20;368:m236
pubmed: 31959587
Vet World. 2019 Aug;12(8):1204-1211
pubmed: 31641298
Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 May;20(5):533-534
pubmed: 32087114
J Virol. 2015 Jun;89(11):6117-20
pubmed: 25787284
Trop Med Int Health. 2020 Mar;25(3):278-280
pubmed: 32052514
Front Microbiol. 2019 Aug 02;10:1781
pubmed: 31428074
Nat Microbiol. 2016 Nov 28;2:16226
pubmed: 27892925
Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Mar;92:214-217
pubmed: 32007643
Clin Chem. 2020 May 1;66(5):664-666
pubmed: 32077933
Lancet Public Health. 2020 May;5(5):e236-e237
pubmed: 32220654
Virol Sin. 2020 Jun;35(3):344-347
pubmed: 32239445
PLoS Pathog. 2014 Aug 21;10(8):e1004250
pubmed: 25144235
J Korean Med Sci. 2020 Feb 24;35(7):e86
pubmed: 32080991
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020 Jul;26(7):952-953
pubmed: 32087323
Structure. 2005 Dec;13(12):1859-68
pubmed: 16338414
Med Mal Infect. 2020 Jun;50(4):384
pubmed: 32240719
J Med Virol. 2020 Jun;92(6):584-588
pubmed: 32083328
J Struct Biol. 2011 Apr;174(1):11-22
pubmed: 21130884
Adv Virus Res. 2011;81:85-164
pubmed: 22094080
Emerg Infect Dis. 2020 May;26(5):1049-1052
pubmed: 32053479
JAMA. 2020 May 12;323(18):1788-1789
pubmed: 32215579
N Engl J Med. 2020 Mar 19;382(12):1177-1179
pubmed: 32074444
Antiviral Res. 2020 Jun;178:104787
pubmed: 32251768
J Virol. 2008 May;82(10):5084-8
pubmed: 18353961
Life Sci. 2020 Jul 15;253:117592
pubmed: 32222463
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2013 Dec;11(12):836-48
pubmed: 24217413
Sci China Life Sci. 2020 Mar;63(3):461-462
pubmed: 32048160
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2020 Feb 03;54(0):E001
pubmed: 32023682
J Gen Virol. 2005 Dec;86(Pt 12):3303-3310
pubmed: 16298975
Viruses. 2019 Mar 02;11(3):
pubmed: 30832341
Cell Host Microbe. 2020 May 13;27(5):704-709.e2
pubmed: 32259477
Expert Opin Ther Pat. 2013 Oct;23(10):1337-48
pubmed: 23905913
Biosaf Health. 2020 Mar;2(1):6-8
pubmed: 32562482
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2020 May;258(5):1133-1134
pubmed: 32221693
Xenotransplantation. 2020 Mar;27(2):e12591
pubmed: 32222047
Nat Commun. 2020 Jan 10;11(1):222
pubmed: 31924756
J Med Virol. 2020 Apr;92(4):418-423
pubmed: 31967327
Antiviral Res. 2020 Apr;176:104742
pubmed: 32057769
Trends Microbiol. 2016 Jun;24(6):490-502
pubmed: 27012512
Virol J. 2005 Aug 22;2:69
pubmed: 16115318
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020 Apr;55(4):105945
pubmed: 32194152
Eur Radiol. 2020 Jun;30(6):3266-3267
pubmed: 32072255
J Travel Med. 2020 Mar 13;27(2):
pubmed: 32052846
JAMA. 2020 Apr 21;323(15):1488-1494
pubmed: 32125362
Adv Virus Res. 2016;96:245-286
pubmed: 27712626
BMJ. 2020 Jan 31;368:m406
pubmed: 32005675
Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020 Dec;9(1):597-600
pubmed: 32174267
Antiviral Res. 2017 Jan;137:82-92
pubmed: 27840203
Science. 2020 May 29;368(6494):1016-1020
pubmed: 32269068
Viruses. 2017 Nov 29;9(12):
pubmed: 29186061
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2019 Mar;17(3):181-192
pubmed: 30531947
Emerg Infect Dis. 2014 Feb;20(2):276-9
pubmed: 24457147
Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):497-506
pubmed: 31986264
Adv Virus Res. 2016;96:193-218
pubmed: 27712624
Viruses. 2019 Jan 14;11(1):
pubmed: 30646565
Cell Host Microbe. 2020 Mar 11;27(3):325-328
pubmed: 32035028
Virol J. 2015 Dec 22;12:221
pubmed: 26689940
Acta Pharm. 2020 Jun 1;70(2):145-159
pubmed: 31955138
J Hosp Infect. 2020 Apr;104(4):449-450
pubmed: 32057788
Ann Intern Med. 2020 Jun 2;172(11):726-734
pubmed: 32282894
N Engl J Med. 2020 Feb 20;382(8):692-694
pubmed: 31978293
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020 Apr;55(4):105932
pubmed: 32145363
J Virol. 2005 May;79(9):5288-95
pubmed: 15827143
Science. 2020 May 29;368(6494):945-946
pubmed: 32385100
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2020 Jun 2;16(6):1232-1238
pubmed: 32186952
Future Oncol. 2020 Jul;16(19):1323-1325
pubmed: 32406253
Adv Virol. 2016;2016:4621659
pubmed: 26955391
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2018 Aug;17(8):677-686
pubmed: 30058403
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006 Oct;19(4):614-36
pubmed: 17041137
Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 May - Jun;35:101575
pubmed: 32036011
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014 Aug;58(8):4875-84
pubmed: 24841269
Eur J Pharm Sci. 2020 Aug 1;151:105375
pubmed: 32417398
Nat Med. 2015 Dec;21(12):1508-13
pubmed: 26552008
PLoS Pathog. 2009 Jul;5(7):e1000511
pubmed: 19593379
JAMA. 2020 Apr 28;323(16):1610-1612
pubmed: 32129805
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2020 May;258(5):1135
pubmed: 32222828
Int J Biol Sci. 2020 Mar 15;16(10):1678-1685
pubmed: 32226285
Sci China Life Sci. 2020 Mar;63(3):364-374
pubmed: 32048163
J Med Virol. 2020 Jul;92(7):909-914
pubmed: 32222992
Nat Commun. 2020 Mar 27;11(1):1620
pubmed: 32221306
IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform. 2018 Jul-Aug;15(4):1344-1350
pubmed: 28574363
Curr Opin Virol. 2015 Aug;13:123-9
pubmed: 26184451
Br J Nurs. 2020 Feb 13;29(3):166-167
pubmed: 32053437
Sci China Life Sci. 2017 Dec;60(12):1399-1402
pubmed: 29134417
J Virol. 2006 Jun;80(12):5927-40
pubmed: 16731931
Gastrointest Endosc. 2020 Jul;92(1):192-197
pubmed: 32179106
Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Jul 28;71(15):841-843
pubmed: 32047895
Nature. 2003 Oct 30;425(6961):915
pubmed: 14586458
J Crit Care. 2020 Jun;57:279-283
pubmed: 32173110
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Oct 8;323(1):264-8
pubmed: 15351731
J Med Virol. 2020 May;92(5):495-500
pubmed: 32022276
J Virol. 2008 Aug;82(15):7721-4
pubmed: 18463152
Nature. 2004 Apr 1;428(6982):561-4
pubmed: 15024391
Antiviral Res. 2020 Jun;178:104805
pubmed: 32330482
Lancet. 2003 May 24;361(9371):1761-6
pubmed: 12781533
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Aug 1;728:138764
pubmed: 32387778
Virus Res. 2020 Mar;278:197863
pubmed: 31945421
N Engl J Med. 2020 Apr 16;382(16):1564-1567
pubmed: 32182409
mBio. 2020 Jul 21;11(4):
pubmed: 32694143
Science. 2020 Feb 14;367(6479):727
pubmed: 32054740
J Med Virol. 2020 May;92(5):473-475
pubmed: 32048740
Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Feb;91:264-266
pubmed: 31953166
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2012 Apr;25(2):223-63
pubmed: 22491771
Int J Health Geogr. 2020 Mar 11;19(1):8
pubmed: 32160889
JAMA. 2020 May 12;323(18):1843-1844
pubmed: 32159775
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2015 Jul;28(3):743-800
pubmed: 26085551
Indian J Ophthalmol. 2020 May;68(5):693-702
pubmed: 32317431
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2008 Jul;38(4):815-25, viii
pubmed: 18501280
Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020 Dec;9(1):386-389
pubmed: 32065057
Methods Mol Biol. 2015;1282:1-23
pubmed: 25720466
Nature. 2020 Jan;577(7792):607
pubmed: 31992886
Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Jul 28;71(15):847-849
pubmed: 32112082
Cell. 2020 Apr 16;181(2):271-280.e8
pubmed: 32142651
Nat Med. 2004 Dec;10(12 Suppl):S88-97
pubmed: 15577937
J Med Virol. 2020 May;92(5):464-467
pubmed: 32031264
J Med Virol. 2020 Apr;92(4):424-432
pubmed: 31981224
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019 Sep 11;32(4):
pubmed: 31511250
Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 May;5(5):430-432
pubmed: 32192627
World J Pediatr. 2020 Jun;16(3):223-231
pubmed: 32034659
Microbes Infect. 2020 Mar;22(2):69-71
pubmed: 32032682
ACS Nano. 2020 Apr 28;14(4):3822-3835
pubmed: 32223179
Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 Aug 2;37:101830
pubmed: 32755673
J Clin Med. 2020 Feb 04;9(2):
pubmed: 32033064
J Med Virol. 2020 May;92(5):479-490
pubmed: 32052466
Viruses. 2020 Jan 22;12(2):
pubmed: 31979013
Pain Physician. 2020 Mar;23(2):E71-E83
pubmed: 32214286
Vet Rec. 2020 Apr 4;186(13):419-420
pubmed: 32245870
Comp Med. 2007 Oct;57(5):450-9
pubmed: 17974127
Infect Genet Evol. 2020 Apr;79:104211
pubmed: 32007627
Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2020 Jul;14(4):472-473
pubmed: 32223072
Clin Chem. 2020 Apr 1;66(4):549-555
pubmed: 32031583
J Biomed Sci. 2006 Jan;13(1):59-72
pubmed: 16228284
Clin Immunol. 2020 May;214:108393
pubmed: 32222466
Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020 Dec;9(1):747-756
pubmed: 32196430
Viruses. 2014 Aug 22;6(8):3363-76
pubmed: 25153347
mSphere. 2020 Jan 29;5(1):
pubmed: 31996413
Emerg Infect Dis. 2017 Feb;23(2):232-240
pubmed: 27901465
Drug Discov Today. 2020 Apr;25(4):668-688
pubmed: 32006468
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020 Jul;56(1):105949
pubmed: 32205204
Travel Med Infect Dis. 2019 Sep - Oct;31:101474
pubmed: 31494225
Viruses. 2019 Oct 24;11(11):
pubmed: 31653070
Vet Q. 2019 Dec;39(1):26-55
pubmed: 31006350
Chin Med J (Engl). 2020 May 5;133(9):1025-1031
pubmed: 32044814
J Hosp Infect. 2020 Mar;104(3):254-255
pubmed: 31962139
J Rheumatol. 2017 Mar;44(3):398
pubmed: 28250164
Science. 2020 Apr 3;368(6486):14-16
pubmed: 32241928
Cell Mol Immunol. 2020 Jul;17(7):765-767
pubmed: 32047258
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi. 2020 Feb 20;28(2):100-106
pubmed: 32077659
Radiology. 2020 Aug;296(2):E41-E45
pubmed: 32049601
J Clin Med. 2020 Feb 07;9(2):
pubmed: 32046137
Lett Appl Microbiol. 2020 May;70(5):342-348
pubmed: 32060933
Diagnostics (Basel). 2020 Mar 18;10(3):
pubmed: 32197339
J Travel Med. 2020 Mar 13;27(2):
pubmed: 32052841
Gastroenterology. 2020 May;158(6):1831-1833.e3
pubmed: 32142773