An approach to estimating the environmental burden of cancer from known and probable carcinogens: application to Ontario, Canada.
Asbestos
/ adverse effects
Carcinogens
Carcinogens, Environmental
/ administration & dosage
Cost of Illness
Environmental Exposure
/ adverse effects
Environmental Monitoring
/ statistics & numerical data
Humans
Neoplasms
/ chemically induced
Ontario
Particulate Matter
/ analysis
Risk Assessment
Risk Factors
Burden of cancer
Burden of disease
Cancer
Carcinogen
Environment
Pollutant
Population attributable fraction
Probabilistic modeling
Risk assessment
Journal
BMC public health
ISSN: 1471-2458
Titre abrégé: BMC Public Health
Pays: England
ID NLM: 100968562
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
26 Jun 2020
26 Jun 2020
Historique:
received:
25
02
2019
accepted:
24
04
2020
entrez:
28
6
2020
pubmed:
28
6
2020
medline:
11
11
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Quantifying the potential cancer cases associated with environmental carcinogen exposure can help inform efforts to improve population health. This study developed an approach to estimate the environmental burden of cancer and applied it to Ontario, Canada. The purpose was to identify environmental carcinogens with the greatest impact on cancer burden to support evidence-based decision making. We conducted a probabilistic assessment of the environmental burden of cancer in Ontario. We selected 23 carcinogens that we defined as "environmental" (e.g., pollutants) and were relevant to the province, based on select classifications provided by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. We evaluated population exposure to the carcinogens through inhalation of indoor/outdoor air; ingestion of food, water, and dust; and exposure to radiation. We obtained or calculated concentration-response functions relating carcinogen exposure and the risk of developing cancer. Using both human health risk assessment and population attributable fraction models in a Monte Carlo simulation, we estimated the annual cancer cases associated with each environmental carcinogen, reporting the simulation summary (e.g., mean and percentiles). We estimated between 3540 and 6510 annual cancer cases attributable to exposure to 23 environmental carcinogens in Ontario. Three carcinogens were responsible for over 90% of the environmental burden of cancer: solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, radon in homes, and fine particulate matter (PM We found the environmental burden of cancer in Ontario to fall between previously estimated burdens of alcohol and tobacco use. These results allow for a comparative assessment across carcinogens and offer insights into strategies to reduce the environmental burden of cancer. Our analysis could be adopted by other jurisdictions and repeated in the future for Ontario to track progress in reducing cancer burden, assess newly classified environmental carcinogens, and identify top burden contributors.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Quantifying the potential cancer cases associated with environmental carcinogen exposure can help inform efforts to improve population health. This study developed an approach to estimate the environmental burden of cancer and applied it to Ontario, Canada. The purpose was to identify environmental carcinogens with the greatest impact on cancer burden to support evidence-based decision making.
METHODS
METHODS
We conducted a probabilistic assessment of the environmental burden of cancer in Ontario. We selected 23 carcinogens that we defined as "environmental" (e.g., pollutants) and were relevant to the province, based on select classifications provided by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. We evaluated population exposure to the carcinogens through inhalation of indoor/outdoor air; ingestion of food, water, and dust; and exposure to radiation. We obtained or calculated concentration-response functions relating carcinogen exposure and the risk of developing cancer. Using both human health risk assessment and population attributable fraction models in a Monte Carlo simulation, we estimated the annual cancer cases associated with each environmental carcinogen, reporting the simulation summary (e.g., mean and percentiles).
RESULTS
RESULTS
We estimated between 3540 and 6510 annual cancer cases attributable to exposure to 23 environmental carcinogens in Ontario. Three carcinogens were responsible for over 90% of the environmental burden of cancer: solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, radon in homes, and fine particulate matter (PM
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
We found the environmental burden of cancer in Ontario to fall between previously estimated burdens of alcohol and tobacco use. These results allow for a comparative assessment across carcinogens and offer insights into strategies to reduce the environmental burden of cancer. Our analysis could be adopted by other jurisdictions and repeated in the future for Ontario to track progress in reducing cancer burden, assess newly classified environmental carcinogens, and identify top burden contributors.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32590953
doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-08771-w
pii: 10.1186/s12889-020-08771-w
pmc: PMC7320572
doi:
Substances chimiques
Carcinogens
0
Carcinogens, Environmental
0
Particulate Matter
0
Asbestos
1332-21-4
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1017Références
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