Effects of acute cooling on cycling anaerobic exercise performance and neuromuscular activity: a randomized crossover study.

BACKGROUND

While cryotherapy is known for its favorable long-term recovery effects on muscle-damaging eccentric and plyometric exercises, studies showed that cryotherapy when used as an acute recovery mode (same day) had a negligible or negative effect on high-intensity and explosive exercises. However, there is lack of evidence regarding the mechanisms underlying the detrimental effect of acute cooling on the anaerobic performance. We hypothesized that acute cooling for the lower body would reduce anaerobic power output during a subsequent Wingate anaerobic tests (WAnT), which is at least in part due to decreased neuromuscular firing rate as indexed by mean frequency.

METHODS

We performed a randomized crossover design experiment. Eleven young healthy males completed two consecutive 30-sec Wingate anaerobic tests (WAnT 1 and 2). Subjects rested for 10 min between the WAnT 1 and the WAnT 2. Neuromuscular activity on the rectus femoris of both legs was recorded using wireless electromyography (EMG) during WAnT.

RESULTS

Anaerobic power during the first 5 sec of WAnT 2 was decreased in the cooling suit recovery group relative to WAnT 1. Mean frequency (MNF) in WAnT 2 was also lower in a cooled leg during WAnT 2 during the first 10 sec when compared with WAnT 1.

CONCLUSIONS

Acute cooling application blunts the initial phase of anaerobic power output during a subsequent WAnT, which could be explained by a concomitant reduction in neuromuscular firing rate. Given that cryotherapy is widely utilized in a variety of sports, athletes and trainers should pay close attention to the appropriate application of cryotherapy.