Far-field polarization signatures of surface optical nonlinearity in noncentrosymmetric semiconductors.
Journal
Scientific reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
Titre abrégé: Sci Rep
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101563288
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
29 Jun 2020
29 Jun 2020
Historique:
received:
24
04
2020
accepted:
03
06
2020
entrez:
1
7
2020
pubmed:
1
7
2020
medline:
1
7
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
We analyse possibilities to quantitatively evaluate the surface second-order optical nonlinearity in noncentrosymmetric materials based on polarization-resolved analysis of far-field radiation patterns of second-harmonic generation. We analytically demonstrate that for plane-wave illumination the contribution to the second-harmonic signal from the surface of a nonlinear medium exhibits different polarization properties and angular dependencies compared to the contribution from the bulk. In view of this, we optimize the illumination geometry in order to enable the most efficient separation and comparison of both nonlinearities. Furthermore, we consider the illumination of an AlGaAs slab by a tightly-focused linearly-polarized Gaussian beam as an alternative measurement geometry. It is found that the reliable separation of the surface nonlinearity contribution as well as a wide range of detectable values can be achieved with this geometry as well.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32601374
doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67186-0
pii: 10.1038/s41598-020-67186-0
pmc: PMC7324370
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
10545Références
Armstrong, J. A., Bloembergen, N., Ducuing, J. & Pershan, P. S. Interactions between light waves in a nonlinear dielectric. Phys. Rev. 127, 1918–1939 (1962).
Smirnova, D. & Kivshar, Y. S. Multipolar nonlinear nanophotonics. Optica 3, 1241–1255 (2016).
Kivshar, Y. S. & Miroshnichenko, A. E. Meta-optics with Mie resonances. Opt. Photon. News 28, 24–31 (2017).
Kuznetsov, A. I., Miroshnichenko, A. E., Brongersma, M. L., Kivshar, Y. S. & Luk’yanchuk, B. Optically resonant dielectric nanostructures. Science 354, aag2472 (2016).
pubmed: 27856851
Celebrano, M. et al. Mode matching in multiresonant plasmonic nanoantennas for enhanced second harmonic generation. Nat. Nanotechn. 10, 412–417 (2015).
Chandrasekar, R. et al. Second harmonic generation with plasmonic metasurfaces: direct comparison of electric and magnetic resonances. Opt. Mat. Expr. 5, 2682–2691 (2015).
Sipe, J. E., Moss, D. J. & van Driel, H. M. Phenomenological theory of optical second- and third-harmonic generation from cubic centrosymmetric crystals. Phys. Rev. B 35, 1129–1141 (1987).
Shen, Y. R. Surface nonlinear optics. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 28, A56–A66 (2011).
Timbrell, D., You, J. W., Kivshar, Y. S. & Panoiu, N. C. A comparative analysis of surface and bulk contributions to second-harmonic generation in centrosymmetric nanoparticles. Sci. Rep. 8, 3586 (2018).
pubmed: 29483517
pmcid: 5826928
Cattaneo, S. & Kauranen, M. Polarization-based identification of bulk contributions in surface nonlinear optics. Phys. Rev. B 72, 033412 (2005).
Wang, F. X. et al. Surface and bulk contributions to the second-order nonlinear optical response of a gold film. Phys. Rev. B 80, 233402 (2009).
Shen, Y. R. Surface contribution versus bulk contribution in surface nonlinear optical spectroscopy. Appl. Phys. B 68, 295–300 (1999).
Janz, S. & Lu, Z. H. Interband resonances in the optical second-harmonic response of the (001) GaAs–oxide interface. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 14, 1647–1650 (1997).
Bergfeld, S. & Daum, W. Second-harmonic generation in GaAs: Experiment versus theoretical predictions of χ
pubmed: 12570514
Lazarescu, V., Lazarescu, M. F., Jones, H. & Schmickler, W. Second harmonic generation at the GaAs(111)-B|solution interface. J. Electroanal. Chem. 567, 257–261 (2004).
Lazarescu, V. et al. Field effects and surface states in second harmonic generation at n-GaAs(hkl) electrodes. Electrochim. Acta 50, 4830–4836 (2005).
Scurtu, R., Ionescu, N. I., Lazarescu, M. & Lazarescu, V. Surface states- and field-effects at p- and n-doped GaAs(111)A/solution interface. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 11, 1765–1770 (2009).
pubmed: 19290348
Sanatinia, R., Swillo, M. & Anand, S. Surface second-harmonic generation from vertical GaP nanopillars. Nano Lett. 12, 820–826 (2012).
pubmed: 22214365
Sanatinia, R., Anand, S. & Swillo, M. Modal engineering of second-harmonic generation in single GaP nanopillars. Nano Lett. 14, 5376–5381 (2014).
pubmed: 25157424
Liu, S. et al. Resonantly enhanced second-harmonic generation using III-V semiconductor all-dielectric metasurfaces. Nano Lett. 16, 5426–5432 (2016).
pubmed: 27501472
Zhang, Z. et al. Surface sum frequency generation spectroscopy on non-centrosymmetric crystal GaAs(001). Surf. Sci. 664, 21–28 (2017).
Qi, J., Yeganeh, M. S., Koltover, I., Yodh, A. G. & Theis, W. M. Depletion-electric-field-induced changes in secondharmonic generation from GaAs. Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 633–636 (1993).
pubmed: 10055325
Germer, T. A., Kołasi´nski, K. W., Stephenson, J. C. & Richter, L. J. Depletion-electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation near oxidized GaAs(001) surfaces. Phys. Rev. B 55, 10694–10706 (1997).
Stehlin, T., Feller, M., Guyot-Sionnest, P. & Shen, Y. R. Optical second-harmonic generation as a surface probe for noncentrosymmetric media. Opt. Lett. 13, 389–391 (1988).
pubmed: 19745908
Hollering, R. W. Bulk and surface second-harmonic generation in noncentrosymmetric semiconductors. Opt. Commun. 90, 147–150 (1992).
Takebayashi, M., Mizutani, G. & Ushioda, S. Azimuthal angle dependence of optical second harmonic intensity from a vicinal GaAs(001) wafer. Opt. Commun. 133, 116–122 (1997).
Yamada, C. & Kimura, T. Anisotropy in second-harmonic generation from reconstructed surfaces of GaAs. Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 2344–2347 (1993).
pubmed: 10053537
Yamada, C. & Kimura, T. Rotational symmetry of the surface second-harmonic generation of zinc-blende-type crystals. Phys. Rev. B 49, 14372–14381 (1994).
Sanatinia, R., Anand, S. & Swillo, M. Experimental quantification of surface optical nonlinearity in GaP nanopillar waveguides. Opt. Expr. 23, 756–764 (2015).
Brevet, P.-F. Surface Second Harmonic Generation (PPUR, 1997).
Boyd, R. W. Nonlinear Optics (Academic Press, 2008).
Carletti, L., Locatelli, A., Stepanenko, O., Leo, G. & De Angelis, C. Enhanced second-harmonic generation from magnetic resonance in AlGaAs nanoantennas. Opt. Expr. 23, 26544–26550 (2015).
Gili, V. F. et al. Monolithic AlGaAs second-harmonic nanoantennas. Opt. Expr. 24, 15965–15971 (2016).
Camacho-Morales, R. et al. Nonlinear generation of vector beams from AlGaAs nanoantennas. Nano Lett. 16, 7191–7197 (2016).
pubmed: 27797212
Ghirardini, L. et al. Polarization properties of second-harmonic generation in AlGaAs optical nanoantennas. Opt. Lett. 42, 559–562 (2017).
pubmed: 28146527
Carletti, L., Locatelli, A., Neshev, D. & De Angelis, C. Shaping the radiation pattern of second harmonic generation from AlGaAs dielectric nanoantennas. ACS Photonics 3, 1500–1507 (2016).
Carletti, L. et al. Controlling second-harmonic generation at the nanoscale with monolithic AlGaAs-on-AlOx antennas. Nanotechn. 28, 114005 (2017).
Löchner, F. J. F. et al. Polarization-dependent second harmonic diffraction from resonant GaAs metasurfaces. ACS Photonics 5, 1786–1793 (2018).
Gehrsitz, S. et al. The refractive index of Al
Huo, B., Wang, X., Chang, S., Zeng, M. & Zhao, G. Second harmonic generation of individual centrosymmetric sphere excited by a tightly focused beam. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 28, 2702–2711 (2011).
Huo, B., Wang, X., Chang, S. & Zeng, M. Second harmonic generation of a single centrosymmetric nanosphere illuminated by tightly focused cylindrical vector beams. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 29, 1631–1640 (2012).
Bautista, G. et al. Second-harmonic generation imaging of metal nano-objects with cylindrical vector beams. Nano Lett. 12, 3207–3212 (2012).
pubmed: 22587307
Wang, X., Fardad, S., Das, S., Salandrino, A. & Hui, R. Direct observation of bulk second-harmonic generation inside a glass slide with tightly focused optical fields. Phys. Rev. B 93, 161109(R) (2016).
Wang, X., Shen, S., Sun, J., Fan, F. & Chang, S. Surface and bulk second-harmonic responses from a glass slide using tightly focused radially polarized light. Opt. Lett. 41, 5652–5655 (2016).
pubmed: 27973481
Wiecha, P. R., Arbouet, A., Girard, C., Baron, T. & Pailard, V. Origin of second-harmonic generation from individual silicon nanowires. Phys. Rev. B 93, 125421 (2016).
Pomplun, J., Burger, S., Zschiedrich, L. & Schmidt, F. Adaptive finite element method for simulation of optical nano structures. Phys. Stat. Sol. B 244, 3419–3434 (2007).
Lax, M., Louisell, W. H. & McKnight, W. B. From Maxwell to paraxial wave optics. Phys. Rev. A 11, 1365–1370 (1975).
Davis, L. W. Theory of electromagnetic beams. Phys. Rev. A 19, 1177–1179 (1979).
Barton, J. P. & Alexander, D. R. Fifth-order corrected electromagnetic field components for a fundamental Gaussian beam. J. Appl. Phys. 66, 2800–2802 (1989).
Wang, G. & Webb, J. F. Calculation of electromagnetic field components for a fundamental Gaussian beam. Phys. Rev. E 72, 046501 (2005).
Salamin, Y. I. Fields of a Gaussian beam beyond the paraxial approximation. Appl. Phys. B 86, 319–326 (2007).
Salamin, Y. I. Fields of a focused linearly polarized Gaussian beam: truncated series versus the complex-source-point spherical-wave representation. Opt. Lett. 34, 683–685 (2009).
pubmed: 19252592
Luo, H., Liu, S., Lin, Z. & Chan, C. T. Method for accurate description of a radially polarized Gaussian laser beam beyond the paraxial approximation. Opt. Lett. 32, 1692–1694 (2007).
pubmed: 17572749
Gavrilenko, V. & Rebentrost, F. Nonlinear optical susceptibility of the surfaces of silicon and diamond. Surf. Sci. 331–333, 1355–1360 (1995).
Falasconi, M. et al. Bulk and surface contributions to second-order susceptibility in crystalline and porous silicon by second-harmonic generation. Surf. Sci. 481, 105–112 (2001).
Dorn, R., Quabis, S. & Leuchs, G. Sharper focus for a radially polarized light beam. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 233901 (2003).
pubmed: 14683185
Salamin, Y. I. Fields of a radially polarized Gaussian laser beam beyond the paraxial approximation. Opt. Lett. 31, 2619–2621 (2006).
pubmed: 16902638
Yan, S. & Yao, B. Accurate description of a radially polarized Gaussian beam. Phys. Rev. A 77, 023827 (2008).
Khonina, S. N., Alferov, S. V. & Karpeev, S. V. Strengthening the longitudinal component of the sharply focused electric field by means of higher-order laser beams. Opt. Lett. 38, 3223–3226 (2013).
pubmed: 23988919
Turquet, L. et al. Tailorable second-harmonic generation from an individual nanowire using spatially phase-shaped beams. Laser & Photon. Rev. 11, 1600175 (2016).
Biss, D. P. & Brown, T. G. Polarization-vortex-driven second-harmonic generation. Opt. Lett. 28, 923–925 (2003).
pubmed: 12816247
Wu, M. et al. Creation of a longitudinally polarized photonic nanojet via an engineered microsphere. Opt. Lett. 42, 1444–1447 (2017).
pubmed: 28362788
Dehez, H., April, A. & Piche, M. Needles of longitudinally polarized light: guidelines for minimum spot size and tunable axial extent. Opt. Expr. 20, 14891–14905 (2012).
Turquet, L. et al. Demonstration of longitudinally polarized optical needles. Opt. Expr. 26, 27572–27584 (2018).