Dietary reference values for chloride.

Chloride Dietary reference value

Journal

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority
ISSN: 1831-4732
Titre abrégé: EFSA J
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101642076

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
Sep 2019
Historique:
entrez: 7 7 2020
pubmed: 7 7 2020
medline: 7 7 2020
Statut: epublish

Résumé

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) has derived dietary reference values (DRVs) for chloride. There are no appropriate biomarkers of chloride status, no balance studies and no adequate evidence on the relationship between chloride intake and health outcomes that can be used to set DRVs for chloride. There is a close relationship between sodium and chloride balances in the body. Sodium chloride is the main source of both electrolytes in European diets and similar urinary excretion levels of sodium and chloride (on a molar basis) are typically observed in Western populations. Hence, the Panel considered that reference values for chloride can be set at values equimolar to the reference values for sodium for all population groups, and are as follows: 1.7 g/day for children aged 1-3 years, 2.0 g/day for children aged 4-6 years, 2.6 g/day for children aged 7-10 years, 3.1 g/day for children aged 11-17 years and 3.1 g/day for adults including pregnant and lactating women. Consistent with the reference values for sodium, these levels of chloride intake are considered to be safe and adequate for the general EU population, under the consideration that the main dietary source of chloride intake is sodium chloride. For infants aged 7-11 months, an adequate intake of 0.3 g/day is set.

Identifiants

pubmed: 32626426
doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5779
pii: EFS25779
pmc: PMC7009052
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Pagination

e05779

Informations de copyright

© 2019 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.

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