Schizotypal traits and neuropsychological performance: The role of processing speed.

Adult Cognition Cognition Disorders / diagnosis Humans Neuropsychological Tests Psychotic Disorders / complications Schizotypal Personality Disorder / complications
Executive functions Neurocognition Processing speed Schizophrenia Schizotypy

Journal

Schizophrenia research
ISSN: 1573-2509
Titre abrégé: Schizophr Res
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 8804207

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
09 2020
Historique:
received: 23 01 2019
revised: 17 04 2020
accepted: 27 06 2020
pubmed: 8 7 2020
medline: 22 6 2021
entrez: 8 7 2020
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Cognitive deficits, particularly in processing speed, are widely recognized as a critical feature of schizophrenia, and are also present across schizophrenia spectrum disorders. A number of important confounders, however, such as hospitalization effects and antipsychotic medication, have been shown to affect processing speed, causing debate as to the core cognitive deficits of schizophrenia. The study of individuals who are not clinically psychotic but have schizotypal traits allows investigation of cognitive deficits associated with both positive and negative schizotypy dimensions while excluding potential confounds. A population-based community sample of 242 healthy adult volunteers assessed using the Structured Interview of Schizotypy - Revised (SIS-R) scale, and a neuropsychological testing battery that included measures of verbal ability, visual and verbal memory, verbal fluency, working memory, executive functions and processing speed. Participants were classified in High or Low Positive Schizotypy (H-PST or L-PST), High or Low Paranoia-like traits (H-PAR or L-PAR) and High or Low Negative Schizotypy (H-NST or L-NST) groups, respectively. Individuals with H-PST performed significantly (p < 0.05) worse than L-PST on measures of processing speed and executive functions. Processing speed deficits were also observed in individuals with H-PAR compared to L-PAR (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in neuropsychological performance between H-NST and L-NST on any measure. In a population-based community sample, individuals with high positive schizotypal traits or paranoia-like traits show impairments in processing speed. Consistent with a dimensional view of psychosis, this supports the hypothesis that processing speed represents a core deficit of schizophrenia-like mental states.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND
Cognitive deficits, particularly in processing speed, are widely recognized as a critical feature of schizophrenia, and are also present across schizophrenia spectrum disorders. A number of important confounders, however, such as hospitalization effects and antipsychotic medication, have been shown to affect processing speed, causing debate as to the core cognitive deficits of schizophrenia. The study of individuals who are not clinically psychotic but have schizotypal traits allows investigation of cognitive deficits associated with both positive and negative schizotypy dimensions while excluding potential confounds.
METHODS
A population-based community sample of 242 healthy adult volunteers assessed using the Structured Interview of Schizotypy - Revised (SIS-R) scale, and a neuropsychological testing battery that included measures of verbal ability, visual and verbal memory, verbal fluency, working memory, executive functions and processing speed. Participants were classified in High or Low Positive Schizotypy (H-PST or L-PST), High or Low Paranoia-like traits (H-PAR or L-PAR) and High or Low Negative Schizotypy (H-NST or L-NST) groups, respectively.
RESULTS
Individuals with H-PST performed significantly (p < 0.05) worse than L-PST on measures of processing speed and executive functions. Processing speed deficits were also observed in individuals with H-PAR compared to L-PAR (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in neuropsychological performance between H-NST and L-NST on any measure.
CONCLUSIONS
In a population-based community sample, individuals with high positive schizotypal traits or paranoia-like traits show impairments in processing speed. Consistent with a dimensional view of psychosis, this supports the hypothesis that processing speed represents a core deficit of schizophrenia-like mental states.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.06.030 PMID: 32631701 PMC: PMC7704687
pubmed: 32631701
pii: S0920-9964(20)30383-2
doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.06.030
pmc: PMC7704687
mid: NIHMS1610520
pii:
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

128-134

Subventions

Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH066105
Pays : United States

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Declaration of competing interest All authors report no conflicts of interest.

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Auteurs

James Gilleen (J)

Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. Electronic address: james.gilleen@roehampton.ac.uk.

Marcello Tesse (M)

Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.

Tjasa Velikonja (T)

Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.

Mark Weiser (M)

Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel Hashomer, Israel.

Michael Davidson (M)

Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel Hashomer, Israel.

Abraham Reichenberg (A)

Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.

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Classifications MeSH

questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Tranches d'âge › Adulte › Schizotypal traits and neuropsychological...
questionsmedicales.fr › Phénomènes psychologiques › Processus mentaux › Cognition › Schizotypal traits and neuropsychological...
questionsmedicales.fr › Troubles mentaux › Troubles neurocognitifs › Troubles de la cognition › Schizotypal traits and neuropsychological...
questionsmedicales.fr › Eucaryotes › Animaux › Chordés › Vertébrés › Mammifères › Eutheria › Primates › Haplorhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Humains › Schizotypal traits and neuropsychological...
questionsmedicales.fr › Disciplines et activités comportementales › Tests psychologiques › Tests neuropsychologiques › Schizotypal traits and neuropsychological...
questionsmedicales.fr › Troubles mentaux › Schizophrénie et troubles avec traits psychotiques › Troubles psychotiques › Schizotypal traits and neuropsychological...
questionsmedicales.fr › Troubles mentaux › Troubles de la personnalité › Trouble de la personnalité schizotypique › Schizotypal traits and neuropsychological...