Quadriceps or multiceps femoris?-Cadaveric study.
anatomy
embryology
fifth head
imaging
medicine
new classification
quadriceps femoris
surface anatomy
Journal
Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.)
ISSN: 1098-2353
Titre abrégé: Clin Anat
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8809128
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jan 2021
Jan 2021
Historique:
received:
18
06
2020
revised:
07
07
2020
accepted:
07
07
2020
pubmed:
10
7
2020
medline:
21
7
2021
entrez:
10
7
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The quadriceps femoris (QF) consists of four muscles: the rectus femoris; vastus medialis; vastus lateralis, and vastus intermediate. The tendons of all of these parts join together into a single tendon that attaches to the patella. The QF is a powerful extensor of the knee joint that is needed for walking. A growing number of publications have examined the fifth head of the QF muscle. There is no information about the possibility of other heads, and there is no correct classification of their proximal attachments. Further, the frequency of occurrence of additional heads/components of the QF remains unclear. One hundred and six lower limbs (34 male and 18 female) fixed in 10% formalin solution were examined. Additional heads of the QF were present in 64.1% of the limbs. Three main types were identified and included subtypes. The most common was Type I (44.1%), which had an independent fifth head. This type was divided into two subtypes (A-B) depending on its location relative to the vastus intermediate. The second most common type was Type II (30.8%), which originated from other muscles: IIA from the vastus lateralis; IIB from the vastus intermediate, and IIC from the gluteus minimus. In addition, Type III (25%) was characterized by multiple heads: IIIA-two heads with a single common tendon; IIIB-two heads with two separate tendons; IIIC-three heads (lateral, intermediate, medial), and IIID-four heads (bifurcated lateral and bifurcated medial). The introduction of a new classification based on a proximal attachment is necessary. The presence of the fifth, sixth, seventh, or eighth head varies.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
71-81Informations de copyright
© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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