Embryo, larval, and juvenile staging of Lytechinus pictus from fertilization through sexual maturation.
larva
model organism
sea urchin
staging
Journal
Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists
ISSN: 1097-0177
Titre abrégé: Dev Dyn
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9201927
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
11 2020
11 2020
Historique:
received:
30
01
2020
revised:
17
06
2020
accepted:
21
06
2020
pubmed:
10
7
2020
medline:
8
10
2021
entrez:
10
7
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Sea urchin embryos have been used for more than a century in the study of fertilization and early development. However, several of the species used, such as Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, have long generation times making them suboptimal for transgenerational studies. Here, we present an overview of the development of a rapidly developing echinoderm species, Lytechinus pictus, from fertilization through sexual maturation. When grown at room temperature (20°C) embryos complete the first cell cycle in 90 minutes, followed by subsequent cleavages every 45 minutes, leading to hatching at 9 hours postfertilization (hpf). The swimming embryos gastrulate from 12 to 36 hpf and produce the cells which subsequently give rise to the larval skeleton and immunocytes. Larvae begin to feed at 2 days and metamorphose by 3 weeks. Juveniles reach sexual maturity at 4 to 6 months of age, depending on individual growth rate. This staging scheme lays a foundation for future studies in L. pictus, which share many of the attractive features of other urchins but have the key advantage of rapid development to sexual maturation. This is significant for multigenerational and genetic studies newly enabled by CRISPR-CAS mediated gene editing.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Sea urchin embryos have been used for more than a century in the study of fertilization and early development. However, several of the species used, such as Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, have long generation times making them suboptimal for transgenerational studies.
RESULTS
Here, we present an overview of the development of a rapidly developing echinoderm species, Lytechinus pictus, from fertilization through sexual maturation. When grown at room temperature (20°C) embryos complete the first cell cycle in 90 minutes, followed by subsequent cleavages every 45 minutes, leading to hatching at 9 hours postfertilization (hpf). The swimming embryos gastrulate from 12 to 36 hpf and produce the cells which subsequently give rise to the larval skeleton and immunocytes. Larvae begin to feed at 2 days and metamorphose by 3 weeks. Juveniles reach sexual maturity at 4 to 6 months of age, depending on individual growth rate.
CONCLUSIONS
This staging scheme lays a foundation for future studies in L. pictus, which share many of the attractive features of other urchins but have the key advantage of rapid development to sexual maturation. This is significant for multigenerational and genetic studies newly enabled by CRISPR-CAS mediated gene editing.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32644271
doi: 10.1002/dvdy.223
pmc: PMC8153651
mid: NIHMS1695869
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1334-1346Subventions
Organisme : NIEHS NIH HHS
ID : R01 ES027921
Pays : United States
Organisme : National Science Foundation
ID : 1840844
Pays : International
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : ES030318
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : ES027921
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIEHS NIH HHS
ID : R01 ES030318
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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