The pharmacological management of malignant hypertension.
Journal
Journal of hypertension
ISSN: 1473-5598
Titre abrégé: J Hypertens
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 8306882
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
11 2020
11 2020
Historique:
pubmed:
11
7
2020
medline:
17
6
2021
entrez:
11
7
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
: Malignant hypertension (MHT) still remains a severe condition that requires early recognition and treatment. Over the years, the prevention and treatment of MHT have significantly advanced through the introduction of modern antihypertensive agents. However, in the absence of robust clinical trials, there remain no formal guidelines on the treatment of MHT. This review summarizes the historical background and pathophysiological evidence of MHT, which has led to common practices in its pharmacological management but can also introduce challenges. The current consensus for treatment involves early intravenous infusion of antihypertensive agents, but oral blockers of the renin-angiotensin system may improve the management of MHT, and it offers a suitable treatment option in low-income countries where the condition remains relatively prevalent.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32649635
doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002547
pii: 00004872-202011000-00033
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antihypertensive Agents
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2325-2330Références
van den Born BH, Lip GYH, Brguljan-Hitij J, Cremer A, Segura J, Morales E, et al. ESC Council on hypertension position document on the management of hypertensive emergencies. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother 2019; 5:37–46.
Keith NM, Wagener HP, Kernohan JW. The syndrome of malignant hypertension. Arch Intern Med 1928; 41:141–188.
Lip GY, Beevers M, Beevers DG. Complications and survival of 315 patients with malignant-phase hypertension. J Hypertens 1995; 13:915–924.
Gosse P, Segalas C, Rubin S, Boulestreau R, Jacqmin-Gadda H, Leffondre K, et al. Long term evolution of renal function in essential hypertensive patients with no baseline proteinuria. J Hum Hypertens 2019; [Epub ahead of print].
Gosse P, Coulon P, Papaioannou G, Litalien J, Lemetayer P. Impact of malignant arterial hypertension on the heart. J Hypertens 2011; 29:798–802.
Amraoui F, van Montfrans GA, van den Born BJ. Value of retinal examination in hypertensive encephalopathy. J Hum Hypertens 2009; 4:274–279.
Cremer A, Amraoui F, Lip GY, Morales E, Segura J, Van den Born BJK, et al. From malignant hypertension to hypertension-MOD: a modern definition for an old but still dangerous emergency. J Hum Hypertens 2016; 30:463–466.
Peixoto AJ. Acute severe hypertension. N Engl J Med 2019; 381:1843–1852.
Rubin S, Combe C, Gosse P. Acute severe hypertension. N Engl J Med 2020; 382:e11.
Rubin S, Cremer A, Boulestreau R, Rigothier C, Kuntz S, Gosse P. Malignant hypertension:diagnosis, treatment and prognosis with experience from the Bordeaux cohort. J Hypertens 2019; 37:316–324.
Boulestreau R, Cremer A, Lorthioir A, Rubin S, Tharaux PL, Persu A, et al. Malignant hypertension: a bright future. Presse Med 2019; 48:1439–1444.
Ventura HO, Mehra MR, Messerli FH. Desperate diseases, desperate measures: tackling malignant hypertension in the 1950s. Am Heart J 2001; 142:197–203.
Smithwick RH, Thompson JE. Splanchnicectomy for essential hypertension; results in 1,266 cases. JAMA 1953; 152:1501–1504.
Scheffers IJ, Kroon AA, de Leeuw PW. Carotid baroreflex activation: past, present, and future. Curr Hypertens Rep 2010; 12:61–66.
Rothfeld EL, Parsonnet V, Raman KV, Zucker IR, Tiu R. The effect of carotid sinus nerve stimulation on cardiovascular dynamics in man. Angiology 1969; 20:213–218.
Mahony JF, Gibson GR, Sheil AG, Storey BG, Stokes GS, Stewart JH. Bilateral nephrectomy for malignant hypertension. Lancet 1972; 1:1036–1038.
Lazarus JM, Hampers CL, Bennett AH, Vandam LD, Merrill JP. Urgent bilateral nephrectomy for severe hypertension. Ann Intern Med 1972; 76:733–739.
Harington M, Kincaid-Smith P, McMichael J. Results of treatment in malignant hypertension: a seven-year experience in 94 cases. Br Med J 1959; 2:969–980.
[No authors listed]Report of the joint national committee on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. A cooperative study. JAMA 1977; 237:255–261.
McCormack LJ, Beland JE, Schneckloth RE, Corcoran AC. Effects of antihypertensive treatment of the renal lesions in malignant nephrosclerosis. Am J Pathol 1958; 34:1011–1022.
Finnerty FA Jr. Editorial: malignant hypertension. Am Heart J 1974; 88:265–268.
Mittal BV, Almeida AF. Malignant hypertension (a clinico-pathologic study of 43 cases). J Postgrad Med 1987; 33:49–54.
Luft FC, Bloch R, Szwed JJ, Grim CM, Grim CE. Minoxidil treatment of malignant hypertension. Recovery of renal function. JAMA 1978; 240:1985–1987.
Woods JW, Blythe WB. Management of malignant hypertension complicated by renal insufficiency. N Engl J Med 1967; 277:57–61.
Ledingham JG, Rajagopalan B. Cerebral complications in the treatment of accelerated hypertension. Q J Med 1979; 48:25–41.
Thien T, Huysmans FT, Koene RA. Acute blood-pressure reduction in malignant hypertension. Lancet 1979; 2:847.
Strandgaard S. Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in hypertensive patients. The modifying influence of prolonged antihypertensive treatment on the tolerance to acute, drug-induced hypotension. Circulation 1976; 53:720–727.
Strandgaard S, Paulson OB. Cerebral autoregulation. Stroke 1984; 15:413–416.
Buhler FR, Laragh JH, Vaughan ED Jr, Brunner HR, Gavras H, Baer L. Antihypertensive action of propranolol. Specific antirenin responses in high and normal renin forms of essential, renal, renovascular and malignant hypertension. Am J Cardiol 1973; 32:511–522.
van den Born BJ, Koopmans RP, van Montfrans GA. The renin–angiotensin system in malignant hypertension revisited: plasma renin activity, microangiopathic hemolysis, and renal failure in malignant hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2007; 20:900–906.
Stefansson B, Ricksten A, Rymo L, Aurell M, Herlitz H. Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism in malignant hypertension. Blood Press 2000; 9:104–109.
Isles CG, Johnson AO, Milne FJ. Slow release nifedipine and atenolol as initial treatment in blacks with malignant hypertension. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1986; 21:377–383.
Abe I, Kawasaki T, Kawazoe N, Omae T. Acute electrocardiographic effects of captopril in the initial treatment of malignant or severe hypertension. Am Heart J 1983; 106:558–562.
Case DB, Atlas SA, Sullivan PA, Laragh JH. Acute and chronic treatment of severe and malignant hypertension with the oral angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril. Circulation 1981; 64:765–771.
Shionoiri H, Yasuda G, Takagi N, Odaa H, Young SC, Miyajima E, et al. Renal haemodynamics and comparative effects of captopril in patients with benign- or malignant-essential hypertension, or with chronic renal failure. Clin Exp Hypertens A 1987; 9:543–549.
Tsuchihashi T, Abe I, Tsukashima A, Kobayashi K, Ueno M, Fujishima M. Comparison of effects of enalapril and captopril on serum potassium concentration in the treatment of malignant hypertension. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1992; 6:495–498.
Saragoca MA, Homsi E, Ribeiro AB, Ferreira Filho SR, Ramos OL. Hemodynamic mechanism of blood pressure response to captopril in human malignant hypertension. Hypertension 1983; 5 (2 Pt 2):I53–I58.
Levin L, Logan K. Response of malignant hypertension with refractory cardiac failure to captopril: a case report. S Afr Med J 1980; 58:217–218.
Gonthier R, Berthoux FC. Treatment of accelerated arterial or malignant hypertension with captopril. Value, efficacy and outcome of visceral complications. Ann Med Interne (Paris) 1983; 134:300–305.
Ruggenenti P, Remuzzi G. Malignant vascular disease of the kidney: nature of the lesions, mediators of disease progression, and the case for bilateral nephrectomy. Am J Kidney Dis 1996; 27:459–475.
Steen VD. Kidney involvement in systemic sclerosis. Presse Med 2014; 43 (10 Pt 2):e305–e314.
Fernandez-Codina A, Walker KM, Pope JE. Scleroderma Algorithm GroupTreatment algorithms for systemic sclerosis according to experts. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:1820–1828.
Fleming S. Malignant hypertension – the role of the paracrine renin–angiotensin system. J Pathol 2000; 192:135–139.
Okamoto K, Ohta Y, Chikugo T, Shiokawa H, Morita N. Chronic treatment with captopril, SQ29,852, hydralazine and a 33% fish meal diet in malignant stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertens 1991; 9:1105–1117.
[No authors listed]The 1984 report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Arch Intern Med 1984; 144:1045–1057.
[No authors listed]The fifth report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC V). Arch Intern Med 1993; 153:154–183.
[No authors listed]The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Arch Intern Med 1997; 157:2413–2446.
Katz JN, Gore JM, Amin A, Anderso FA, Dasta JF, Ferguson JJ, et al. Practice patterns, outcomes, and end-organ dysfunction for patients with acute severe hypertension: the Studying the Treatment of Acute hyperTension (STAT) registry. Am Heart J 2009; 158:599–606.e1.
Mayer SA, Kurtz P, Wyman A, Sung GY, Multz AS, Varonz J, et al. Clinical practices, complications, and mortality in neurological patients with acute severe hypertension: the Studying the Treatment of Acute hyperTension registry. Crit Care Med 2011; 39:2330–2336.
Linton AL, Gavras H, Gleadle RI, Hutchison HW, Lawson s DH, Lever AF, et al. Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia and the pathogenesis of malignant hypertension. Lancet 1969; 1:1277–1282.
van den Born BJ, Honnebier UP, Koopmans RP, van Montfrans GA. Microangiopathic hemolysis and renal failure in malignant hypertension. Hypertension 2005; 45:246–251.
Bloxham CA, Beevers DG, Walker JM. Malignant hypertension and cigarette smoking. Br Med J 1979; 1:581–583.
Mathew RO, Nayer A, Asif A. The endothelium as the common denominator in malignant hypertension and thrombotic microangiopathy. J Am Soc Hypertens 2016; 10:352–359.
van den Born BJ, van der Hoeven NV, Groot E, Lenting PJ, Meijers JC, Levi M, van Montfrans GA. Association between thrombotic microangiopathy and reduced ADAMTS13 activity in malignant hypertension. Hypertension 2008; 51:862–866.
Griffin KA, Polichnowski A, Litbarg N, Picken M, Venkatachalam MA, Bidani AK. Critical blood pressure threshold dependence of hypertensive injury and repair in a malignant nephrosclerosis model. Hypertension 2014; 64:801–807.
Lane DA, Lip GY, Beevers DG. Improving survival of malignant hypertension patients over 40 years. Am J Hypertens 2009; 22:1199–1204.
Gonzalez R, Morales E, Segura J, Ruilope LM, Praga M. Long-term renal survival in malignant hypertension. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 25:3266–3272.
van den Born BJ, Koopmans RP, Groeneveld JO, van Montfrans GA. Ethnic disparities in the incidence, presentation and complications of malignant hypertension. J Hypertens 2006; 24:2299–2304.