Indian National Association for the Study of the Liver Consensus Statement on Acute Liver Failure (Part 1): Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Presentation and Prognosis.
ACLF, acute on chronic liver failure
AFLP, acute fatty liver of pregnancy
AKI, Acute kidney injury
ALF, Acute liver failure
ALFED, Acute Liver Failure Early Dynamic
ALT, alanine transaminase
ANA, antinuclear antibody
AP, Alkaline phosphatase
APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time
ASM, alternative system of medicine
ASMA, antismooth muscle antibody
AST, aspartate transaminase
ATN, Acute tubular necrosis
ATP, adenosine triphosphate
ATT, anti-TB therapy
AUROC, Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve
BCS, Budd-Chiari syndrome
BMI, body mass index
CBF, cerebral blood flow
CBFV, cerebral blood flow volume
CE, cerebral edema
CHBV, chronic HBV
CLD, chronic liver disease
CNS, central nervous system
CPI, clinical prognostic indicator
CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
DAMPs, Damage-associated molecular patterns
DILI, drug-induced liver injury
EBV, Epstein-Barr virus
ETCO2, End tidal CO2
GRADE, Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation
HAV, hepatitis A virus
HBV, Hepatitis B virus
HELLP, hemolysis
HEV, hepatitis E virus
HLH, Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
HSV, herpes simplex virus
HV, hepatic vein
HVOTO, hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction
IAHG, International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group
ICH, intracerebral hypertension
ICP, intracerebral pressure
ICU, intensive care unit
IFN, interferon
IL, interleukin
IND-ALF, ALF of indeterminate etiology
INDILI, Indian Network for DILI
KCC, King's College Criteria
LC, liver cirrhosis
LDLT, living donor liver transplantation
LT, liver transplantation
MAP, mean arterial pressure
MHN, massive hepatic necrosis
MPT, mitochondrial permeability transition
MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference
NAPQI, n-acetyl-p-benzo-quinone-imine
NPV, negative predictive value
NWI, New Wilson's Index
ONSD, optic nerve sheath diameter
PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns
PCR, polymerase chain reaction
PELD, Pediatric End-Stage Liver Disease
PPV, positive predictive value
PT, prothrombin time
RAAS, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
SHF, subacute hepatic failure
SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome
SNS, sympathetic nervous system
TB, tuberculosis
TCD, transcranial Doppler
TGF, tumor growth factor
TJLB, transjugular liver biopsy
TLR, toll-like receptor
TNF, tumor necrosis factor
TSFT, triceps skin fold thickness
US, ultrasound
USALF, US Acute Liver Failure
VZV, varicella-zoster virus
WD, Wilson disease
Wilson disease (WD)
YP, yellow phosphorus
acute liver failure
autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)
drug-induced liver injury
elevated liver enzymes, low platelets
sALI, severe acute liver injury
viral hepatitis
Journal
Journal of clinical and experimental hepatology
ISSN: 0973-6883
Titre abrégé: J Clin Exp Hepatol
Pays: India
ID NLM: 101574137
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Historique:
received:
22
01
2020
accepted:
12
04
2020
entrez:
14
7
2020
pubmed:
14
7
2020
medline:
14
7
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Acute liver failure (ALF) is an infrequent, unpredictable, potentially fatal complication of acute liver injury (ALI) consequent to varied etiologies. Etiologies of ALF as reported in the literature have regional differences, which affects the clinical presentation and natural course. In this part of the consensus article designed to reflect the clinical practices in India, disease burden, epidemiology, clinical presentation, monitoring, and prognostication have been discussed. In India, viral hepatitis is the most frequent cause of ALF, with drug-induced hepatitis due to antituberculosis drugs being the second most frequent cause. The clinical presentation of ALF is characterized by jaundice, coagulopathy, and encephalopathy. It is important to differentiate ALF from other causes of liver failure, including acute on chronic liver failure, subacute liver failure, as well as certain tropical infections which can mimic this presentation. The disease often has a fulminant clinical course with high short-term mortality. Death is usually attributable to cerebral complications, infections, and resultant multiorgan failure. Timely liver transplantation (LT) can change the outcome, and hence, it is vital to provide intensive care to patients until LT can be arranged. It is equally important to assess prognosis to select patients who are suitable for LT. Several prognostic scores have been proposed, and their comparisons show that indigenously developed dynamic scores have an edge over scores described from the Western world. Management of ALF will be described in part 2 of this document.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32655238
doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2020.04.012
pii: S0973-6883(20)30053-0
pmc: PMC7335721
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
339-376Informations de copyright
© 2020 Indian National Association for Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors have none to declare.
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