Are endemic species necessarily ecological specialists? Functional variability and niche differentiation of two threatened Dianthus species in the montane steppes of northeastern Iran.
Journal
Scientific reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
Titre abrégé: Sci Rep
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101563288
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
16 07 2020
16 07 2020
Historique:
received:
08
01
2020
accepted:
25
06
2020
entrez:
18
7
2020
pubmed:
18
7
2020
medline:
18
12
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Endemic species are believed to converge on narrow ranges of traits, with rarity reflecting adaptation to specific environmental regimes. We hypothesized that endemism is characterized by limited trait variability and environmental tolerances in two Dianthus species (Dianthus pseudocrinitus and Dianthus polylepis) endemic to the montane steppes of northeastern Iran. We measured leaf functional traits and calculated Grime's competitor/stress-tolerator/ruderal (CSR) adaptive strategies for these and co-occurring species in seventy-five 25-m
Identifiants
pubmed: 32678159
doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-68618-7
pii: 10.1038/s41598-020-68618-7
pmc: PMC7366929
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
11774Références
Manne, L. L. & Pimm, S. L. Beyond eight forms of rarity: which species are threatened and which will be next?. Anim. Conserv. 4, 221–230 (2001).
Munson, S. M. & Sher, A. A. Long-term shifts in the phenology of rare and endemic Rocky Mountain plants. Am. J. Bot. 102, 268–1276 (2015).
Pierce, S. et al. A global method for calculating plant CSR ecological strategies applied across biomes world-wide. Funct. Ecol. 215, 495–505 (2017).
Grime, J. P. & Pierce, S. The evolutionary strategies that shape ecosystems 264 (Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, 2012).
Grime, J. P. Vegetation classification by reference to strategies. Nature 250, 26–31 (1974).
Grime, J. P. Evidence for the existence of three primary strategies in plants and its relevance to ecological and evolutionary theory. Am. Nat. 111, 1169–1194 (1977).
Díaz, S. et al. The global spectrum of plant form and function. Nature 529, 167–171 (2016).
pubmed: 26700811
Pierce, S. et al. Combined use of leaf size and economics traits allows direct comparison of hydrophyte and terrestrial herbaceous adaptive strategies. Ann. Bot. 109, 1047–1053 (2012).
pubmed: 22337079
pmcid: 3310502
Pierce, S. et al. Allocating CSR plant functional types: the use of leaf economics and size traits to classify woody and herbaceous vascular plants. Funct. Ecol. 27, 1002–1010 (2013).
Pierce, S., Vagge, I., Brusa, G. & Cerabolini, B. E. L. The intimacy between sexual traits and Grime’s CSR strategies for orchids coexisting in semi-natural calcareous grassland at the Olive Lawn. Plant Ecol. 215, 495–505 (2014).
Cerabolini, B. E. L. et al. Why are many anthropogenic agroecosystems particularly species-rich?. Plant Biosyst. 150, 550–557 (2016).
Memariani, F., Zarrinpour, V. & Akhani, H. A review of plant diversity, vegetation, and phytogeography of the Khorassan-Kopet Dagh floristic province in the Irano-Turanian region (northeastern Iran–southern Turkmenistan). Phytotaxa. 249, 8–30 (2016).
Memariani, F., Akhani, H. & Joharchi, M. R. Endemic plants of Khorassan-Kopet Dagh floristic province in Irano-Turanian region: diversity, distribution patterns and conservation status. Phytotaxa 249, 31–117 (2016).
Vaezi, J., Behroozian, M., Memariani, F. & Joharchi, M. R. Dianthus pseudocrinitus (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from Northeast of Iran identified by morphological and molecular data. Phytotaxa 156, 59–73 (2014).
Farsi, M., Behroozian, M., Vaezi, J., Joharchi, M. R. & Memariani, F. The evolution of Dianthus polylepis complex (Caryophyllaceae) inferred from morphological and nuclear DNA sequence data: one or two species?. Plant Syst. Evol. 299, 1419–1431 (2013).
Sheikholeslami, M. R. & Kouhpeyma, M. Structural analysis and tectonic evolution of the eastern Binalud Mountains, NE Iran. J. Geodyn. 61, 23–46 (2012).
Nowrouzi, G., Priestley, K. F., Ghafory-Ashtiany, M., Javan Doloei, G. & Rham, D. J. Crustal velocity structure in Iranian Kopeh-Dagh, from analysis of P-waveform receiver functions. J. Sustain. Energy Environ. 8, 187–194 (2007).
Balao, F., Valente, L. M., Vargas, P., Herrera, J. & Talavera, S. Radiative evolution of polyploidy races of the Iberian carnation Dianthus broteri (Caryophyllaceae). New Phytol. 187, 542–551 (2010).
pubmed: 20456054
Valente, L. M., Savolainen, V. & Vargas, P. Unparalleled rates of species diversification in Europe. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 277, 1489–1497 (2010).
Moyle, R., Filardi, C., Smith, C. & Diamond, J. Explosive Pleistocene diversification and hemispheric expansion of a ‘great speciator’. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106, 1863–1868 (2009).
Behroozian, M., Vaezi, J. & Joharchi, M. R. A karyological study of some Dianthus L. species (Caryophyllaceae) in Northeast of Iran. Feddes Repert. 123, 1–9 (2014).
Behroozian, M., Jafari, A. & Farsi, M. RAPD analysis of genetic variation within and among natural populations of two species of Dianthus L. (Caryophyllaceae) in NE Iran. Iran J Bot. 19, 194–201 (2013).
Alix, K., Gérard, P. R., Schwarzacher, T. & Heslop-Harrison, J. S. P. Polyploidy and interspecific hybridization: partners for adaptation, speciation and evolution in plants. Ann. Bot. 120, 183–194 (2017).
pubmed: 28854567
pmcid: 5737848
Wei, N., Cronn, R., Liston, A. & Ashman, T. L. Functional trait divergence and trait plasticity confer polyploid advantage in heterogeneous environments. New Phytol. 221, 2286–2297 (2018).
pubmed: 30281801
pmcid: 6587808
Balao, F., Herrera, J. & Talavera, S. Phenotypic consequences of polyploidy and genome size at the microevolutionary scale: a multivariate morphological approach. New Phytol. 192, 256–265 (2011).
pubmed: 21651562
Godfree, R. C., Marshall, D. J., Young, A. G., Miller, C. H. & Mathews, S. Empirical evidence of fixed and homeostatic patterns of polyploid advantage in a keystone grass exposed to drought and heat stress. R. Soc. Open Sci. 4, 170934 (2017).
pubmed: 29291088
pmcid: 5717662
Kneitel, J. M. Occupancy and environmental responses of habitat specialists and generalists depend on dispersal traits. Ecosphere 9, e02143 (2018).
Lester, S. E., Ruttenberg, B. I., Gaines, S. D. & Kinlan, B. P. The relationship between dispersal ability and geographic range size. Ecol. Lett. 10, 745–758 (2007).
pubmed: 17594430
Gadgil, M. Dispersal: population consequences and evolution. Ecology 52, 253–261 (1971).
Rodriguez, C., Navarro, T. & El-Keblawy, A. Covariation in diaspore mass and dispersal patterns in three Mediterranean coastal dunes in southern Spain. Turk. J. Bot. 41, 161–170 (2017).
Chlachula, J. Biodiversity and environmental protection of Southern Altai. Oltenia Studii si comunicari, Stiintele naturii. 27, 171–178 (2011).
Mouillot, D., Graham, N. A. J., Villéger, S., Mason, N. W. H. & Bellwood, D. R. A functional approach reveals community responses to disturbances. Trends Ecol. Evol. 28, 167–177 (2013).
pubmed: 23141923
Frenkel, R. E. Ruderal vegetation along some California roadsides. University of California publications in geography Vol. 20 (University of California Press, Berkeley, 1970).
Negreiros, D., Stradic, S., Fernandes, G. W. & Rennó, H. C. CSR analysis of plant functional types in highly diverse tropical grasslands of harsh environments. Plant Ecol. 215, 379–388 (2014).
Paušič, A. & Čarni, A. Functional response traits and plant community strategy indicate the stage of secondary succession. Hacquetia 11, 209–225 (2012).
Pierce, S., Luzzaro, A., Caccianiga, M., Ceriani, R. M. & Cerabolini, B. Disturbance is the principal a-scale filter determining niche differentiation, coexistence and biodiversity in an alpine community. J. Ecol. 95, 698–706 (2007).
Grime, J. P., Shacklock, J. M. L. & Band, S. R. Nuclear DNA contents, shoot phenology and species coexistence in a limestone grassland community. New Phytol. 100, 435–445 (1985).
Kahlert, B. R., Ryser, P. & Edwards, P. J. Leaf phenology of three dominant limestone grassland plants matching the disturbance regime. J. Veg. Sci. 16, 433–442 (2005).
Akhani, H. Plant biodiversity of Golestan National Park. Stapfia 53, 1–411 (1998).
Djamali, M. et al. Application of the global bioclimatic classification to Iran: implications for understanding the modern vegetation and biogeography. Ecol Mediterr. 37, 91–114 (2011).
Djamali, M. et al. Ecological implications of Cousinia Cass. (Asteraceae) persistence through the last two glacial-interglacial cycles in the continental Middle East for the Irano-Turanian flora. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 172, 10–20 (2012).
Kent, M. & Coker, P. Vegetation description and analysis: a practical approach (CRC Press/Bellhaven, London, 1992).
Boscutti, F. et al. Shrub growth and plant diversity along an elevation gradient: evidence of indirect effects of climate on alpine ecosystems. PLoS ONE 13, e0196653 (2018).
pubmed: 29698464
pmcid: 5919657
Rechinger, K. H. (ed) Flora Iranica, vol. 1–181. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz; vol. 175. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Salzburg; vol. 176–181. Verlag des Naturhistorischen Museums, Wien (1963–2015).
Assadi, M. et al. Flora of Iran, vols. 1–149. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publications, Tehran (in Persian) (1988–2018).
Pérez-Harguindeguy, N. et al. New handbook for standardised measurement of plant functional traits worldwide. Aust. J. Bot. 61, 167–234 (2013).
Grime, J. P. Benefits of plant diversity to ecosystems: immediate, filter and founder effects. J. Ecol. 86, 902–910 (1998).
Lavorel, S. et al. Using plant functional traits to understand the landscape distribution of multiple ecosystem services. J. Ecol. 99, 135–147 (2011).
Laliberté, E. & Legendre, P. A distance-based framework for measuring functional diversity from multiple traits. Ecology 91, 299–305 (2010).
pubmed: 20380219
Laliberté, E., Legendre, P. & Shipley, B. FD: measuring functional diversity from multiple traits, and other tools for functional ecology. R package version 1.0–12 (2014).
Hijmans, R. J., Cameron, S. E., Parra, J. L., Jones, P. G. & Jarvis, A. Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. Int J. Climatol. 25, 1965–1978 (2005).
Anderson, M. J. & Willis, T. J. Canonical analysis of principal coordinates: a useful method of constrained ordination for ecology. Ecology 84, 511–525 (2003).
R Core Development Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/ (2018).
Oksanen, J. et al. vegan: Community Ecology Package. R package version 2.0‐3. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan (2012).