Everyday bodily movement is associated with creativity independently from active positive affect: a Bayesian mediation analysis approach.
Journal
Scientific reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
Titre abrégé: Sci Rep
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101563288
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
20 07 2020
20 07 2020
Historique:
received:
28
10
2019
accepted:
23
06
2020
entrez:
21
7
2020
pubmed:
21
7
2020
medline:
15
12
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Previous (predominantly) laboratory studies reported positive relations of physical activity (or everyday bodily movement) with executive functioning, some even showed effects on creative thinking. Furthermore, positive-activated affect was found to be positively associated with everyday bodily movements and creativity. The mechanisms, however, underlying these relationships are poorly understood. The aim of this study was twofold: Firstly, we investigated whether everyday bodily movement was associated with creative performance. Secondly, we examined if positive-activated affect may mediate the association between bodily movement and creative performance. In a sample of 79 participants everyday bodily movement was recorded during five consecutive days using accelerometers. Creativity in the figural and verbal domain was assessed with performance tests, along with self-reported positive-activated affect as a trait. Findings revealed that creativity, positive-activated affect, and everyday bodily movement were associated with each other. However, positive-activated affect did not mediate the association between everyday bodily movement and creative performance. The pattern of findings argues for shared variance between bodily movement and creativity (fluency and originality) that is largely independent from variations in positive-activated affect.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32686709
doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-68632-9
pii: 10.1038/s41598-020-68632-9
pmc: PMC7371881
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
11985Références
Miles, L. Physical activity and health. Nutr. Bull. 32, 314–363. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-3010.2007.00668.x (2007).
doi: 10.1111/j.1467-3010.2007.00668.x
Benelam, B. Physical activity in pregnancy. Nutr. Bull. 36, 370–372. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-3010.2011.01915.x (2011).
doi: 10.1111/j.1467-3010.2011.01915.x
WHO Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health (World Health Organization, Geneva, 2010).
Lee, I.-M. et al. Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. The Lancet 380219–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61031-9 (2012).
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61031-9
Lemez, S. & Baker, J. Do elite athletes live longer? A systematic review of mortality and longevity in elite athletes. Sports Med. Open 1(16), 2015. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-015-0024-x (2015).
doi: 10.1186/s40798-015-0024-x
Pinto Pereira, S. M., Geoffroy, M.-C. & Power, C. Depressive symptoms and physical activity during 3 decades in adult life: bidirectional associations in a prospective cohort study. JAMA Psychiatry 71, 1373–1380. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1240 (2014).
doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1240
pubmed: 25321867
Peluso, M. A. M. & Andrade, L. H. S. G. D. Physical activity and mental health: the association between exercise and mood. Clinics 60, 61–70; https://doi.org/10.1590/S1807-59322005000100012 (2005).
doi: 10.1590/S1807-59322005000100012
pubmed: 15838583
Lubans, D. et al. Physical activity for cognitive and mental health in youth: a systematic review of mechanisms. Pediatrics https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-1642 (2016).
doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-1642
pubmed: 27542849
Marker, A. M., Steele, R. G. & Noser, A. E. Physical activity and health-related quality of life in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychol. 37, 893–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000653 (2018).
doi: 10.1037/hea0000653
pubmed: 30234348
Forcier, K. et al. Links between physical fitness and cardiovascular reactivity and recovery to psychological stressors. A meta-analysis. Health Psychol. 25, 723–739. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.25.6.723 (2006).
doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.25.6.723
pubmed: 17100501
Folkins, C. H. & Sime, W. E. Physical fitness training and mental health. Am. Psychol. 36, 373–389. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066X.36.4.373 (1981).
doi: 10.1037//0003-066X.36.4.373
pubmed: 7023304
Etnier, J. L. et al. The influence of physical fitness and exercise upon cognitive functioning. A meta-analysis. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol. 19(249–277), 1997. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.19.3.249 (1997).
doi: 10.1123/jsep.19.3.249
Etnier, J. L. & Chang, Y.-K. The effect of physical activity on executive function. A brief commentary on definitions, measurement issues, and the current state of the literature. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol. 31, 469–483. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.31.4.469 (2009).
doi: 10.1123/jsep.31.4.469
pubmed: 19842543
Etnier, J. L., Nowell, P. M., Landers, D. M. & Sibley, B. A. A meta-regression to examine the relationship between aerobic fitness and cognitive performance. Brain Res. Rev. 52, 119–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2006.01.002 (2006).
doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2006.01.002
pubmed: 16490256
Colcombe, S. & Kramer, A. F. Fitness effects on the cognitive function of older adults A meta-analytic study. Psychol. Sci. 14(125–130), 2003. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.t01-1-01430 (2003).
doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.t01-1-01430
Sibley, B. A. & Etnier, J. L. The relationship between physical activity and cognition in children. A meta-analysis. Pediatric Exerc. Sci. 15, 243–256. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.15.3.243 (2003).
doi: 10.1123/pes.15.3.243
Lambourne, K. & Tomporowski, P. The effect of exercise-induced arousal on cognitive task performance. A meta-regression analysis. Brain Res. 1341, 12–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2010.03.091 (2010).
doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.03.091
pubmed: 20381468
Young, J., Angevaren, M., Rusted, J. & Tabet, N. Aerobic exercise to improve cognitive function in older people without known cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005381.pub4 (2015).
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005381.pub4
pubmed: 26662471
pmcid: 7173709
Oppezzo, M. & Schwartz, D. L. Give your ideas some legs: the positive effect of walking on creative thinking. J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cognit. 40, 1142–1152. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036577 (2014).
doi: 10.1037/a0036577
Steinberg, H. et al. Exercise enhances creativity independently of mood. Br. J. Sports Med. 31, 240–245. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.31.3.240 (1997).
doi: 10.1136/bjsm.31.3.240
pubmed: 9298561
pmcid: 1332529
Gondola, J. C. & Tuckman, B. W. Effects of a systematic program of exercise on selected measures of creativity. Percept. Mot. Skills 60, 53–54. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1985.60.1.53 (1985).
doi: 10.2466/pms.1985.60.1.53
pubmed: 3982945
Guilford, J. P. The Nature of Human Intelligence (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1967).
Tuckman, B. W. & Hinkle, J. S. An experimental study of the physical and psychological effects of aerobic exercise on schoolchildren. Health Psychol. 5, 197–207. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.5.3.197 (1986).
doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.5.3.197
pubmed: 3743529
Gondola, J. C. The enhancement of creativity through long and short term exercise programs. J. Soc. Behav. Personal. 1, 77–82 (1986).
Cavallera, G. M., Boari, G., Labbrozzi, D. & Bello, E. D. Morningness-eveningness personality and creative thinking among young people who play recreational sport. Soc. Behav. Personal. 39, 503–518. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2011.39.4.503 (2011).
doi: 10.2224/sbp.2011.39.4.503
Torrance, P. E. Torrance Test of Creative Thinking. Norms-Technical Manual Research Edition-Verbal Tests, Forms A and B-Figural tests, Forms A and B (Personnel Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1966).
Ramocki, S. P. Creativity interacts with fitness and exercise. Phys. Educ. 59, 8 (2002).
Latorre Román, P. Á, Pinillos, F. G., Pantoja Vallejo, A. & Berrios Aguayo, B. Creativity and physical fitness in primary school-aged children. Pediatrics Int. 59, 1194–1199. https://doi.org/10.1111/ped.13391 (2017).
doi: 10.1111/ped.13391
Caspersen, C. J., Powell, K. E. & Christenson, G. M. Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Rep. 100, 126–131 (1985).
pubmed: 3920711
pmcid: 1424733
Blanchette, D. M., Ramocki, S. P., O’del, J. N. & Casey, M. S. Aerobic exercise and creative potential. Immediate and residual effects. Creat. Res. J. 17, 257–264. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2005.9651483 (2005).
doi: 10.1080/10400419.2005.9651483
Gondola, J. C. The effects of a single bout of aerobic dancing on selected tests of creativity. J. Soc. Behav. Personal. 2, 275–278 (1987).
Colzato, L. S., Szapora, A., Pannekoek, J. N. & Hommel, B. The impact of physical exercise on convergent and divergent thinking. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 7, 824. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00824 (2013).
doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00824
Donnegan, K. F., Setti, A. & Allen, A. P. Exercise and creativity: can one bout of yoga improve convergent and divergent Thinking?. J. Cognit. Enhanc. 2, 193–199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-018-0082-3 (2018).
doi: 10.1007/s41465-018-0082-3
Patterson, R., Frith, E. & Loprinzi, P. The experimental effects of acute walking on cognitive creativity performance. J. Behav. Health https://doi.org/10.5455/jbh.20180415053930 (2018).
doi: 10.5455/jbh.20180415053930
Isen, A. M., Daubman, K. A. & Nowicki, G. P. Positive affect facilitates creative problem solving. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 52, 1122–1131 (1987).
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.52.6.1122
Frith, E. & Loprinzi, P. D. Experimental effects of acute exercise and music listening on cognitive creativity. Physiol. Behav. 191, 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.03.034 (2018).
doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.03.034
pubmed: 29608999
Fahrenberg, J., Myrtek, M., Pawlik, K. & Perrez, M. Ambulatory assessment—monitoring behavior in daily life settings. A behavioral-scientific challenge for psychology. Eur. J. Psychol. Assess. 23, 206–213. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.23.4.206 (2007).
doi: 10.1027/1015-5759.23.4.206
Matthews, C. E., Hagströmer, M., Pober, D. M. & Bowles, H. R. Best practices for using physical activity monitors in population-based research. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 44, S68–S76. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182399e5b (2012).
doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182399e5b
pubmed: 22157777
pmcid: 3543867
Curnow, K. E. & Turner, E. T. The effect of exercise and music on the creativity of college students. J. Creative Behav. 26, 50–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.1992.tb01156.x (1992).
doi: 10.1002/j.2162-6057.1992.tb01156.x
Reed, J. & Buck, S. The effect of regular aerobic exercise on positive-activated affect: a meta-analysis. Psychol. Sport Exerc. 10, 581–594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.05.009 (2009).
doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.05.009
Reed, J. & Ones, D. S. The effect of acute aerobic exercise on positive activated affect: a meta-analysis. Psychol. Sport Exerc. 7, 477–514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2005.11.003 (2006).
doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2005.11.003
Pasco, J. A. et al. Don’t worry, be active: positive affect and habitual physical activity. Aust. N.Z. J. Psychiatry 45, 1047–1052. https://doi.org/10.3109/00048674.2011.621063 (2011).
doi: 10.3109/00048674.2011.621063
pubmed: 22059484
Schwerdtfeger, A. R., Eberhardt, R. & Chmitorz, A. Gibt es einen Zusammenhang zwischen Bewegungsaktivität und psychischem Befinden im Alltag?. Z. Gesundheitspsychol. 16, 2–11. https://doi.org/10.5282/ubm/epub.8679 (2008).
doi: 10.5282/ubm/epub.8679
Schwerdtfeger, A. R., Eberhardt, R., Chmitorz, A. & Schaller, E. Momentary affect predicts bodily movement in daily life: an ambulatory monitoring study. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol. 32, 674–693. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.32.5.674 (2010).
doi: 10.1123/jsep.32.5.674
pubmed: 20980710
Ekkekakis, P., Hall, E. E., VanLanduyt, L. M. & Petruzzello, S. J. Walking in (affective) circles: can short walks enhance affect?. J. Behav. Med. 23, 245–275. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005558025163 (2000).
doi: 10.1023/A:1005558025163
pubmed: 10863677
Thayer, R. E., Peters, D. P., Takahashi, P. J. & Birkhead-Flight, A. M. Mood and behavior (smoking and sugar snacking) following moderate exercise: a partial test of self-regulation theory. Personal. Individ. Differ. 14, 97–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(93)90178-6 (1993).
doi: 10.1016/0191-8869(93)90178-6
de Dreu, C. K. W., Baas, M. & Nijstad, B. A. Hedonic tone and activation level in the mood-creativity link: toward a dual pathway to creativity model. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 94, 739–756. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.94.5.739 (2008).
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.94.5.739
Fink, A., Schwab, D. & Papousek, I. Sensitivity of EEG upper alpha activity to cognitive and affective creativity interventions. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 82, 233–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.09.003 (2011).
doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.09.003
pubmed: 21930162
Ashby, F. G., Isen, A. M. & Turken, A. U. A neuropsychological theory of positive affect and its influence on cognition. Psychol. Rev. 106, 529–550 (1999).
doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.106.3.529
Conner, T. S. & Silvia, P. J. Creative days. A daily diary study of emotion, personality, and everyday creativity. Psychol. Aesthet. Creat. Arts 9, 463–470. https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000022 (2015).
doi: 10.1037/aca0000022
Silvia, P. J. et al. Everyday creativity in daily life. An experience-sampling study of “little c” creativity. Psychol. Aesthet. Creat. Arts 8, 183–188. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035722 (2014).
doi: 10.1037/a0035722
Karwowski, M., Lebuda, I., Szumski, G. & Firkowska-Mankiewicz, A. From moment-to-moment to day-to-day. Experience sampling and diary investigations in adults’ everyday creativity. Psychol. Aesthet. Creat. Arts 11, 309–324. https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000127 (2017).
doi: 10.1037/aca0000127
Benedek, M., Jauk, E., Kerschenbauer, K., Anderwald, R. & Grond, L. Creating art. An experience sampling study in the domain of moving image art. Psychol. Aesthet. Creat. Arts 10, 15–20. https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000102 (2017).
doi: 10.1037/aca0000102
To, M. L., Fisher, C. D., Ashkanasy, N. M. & Rowe, P. A. Within-person relationships between mood and creativity. J. Appl. Psychol. 97, 599–612. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026097 (2012).
doi: 10.1037/a0026097
pubmed: 22040262
Baas, M., De Dreu, C. K. W. & Nijstad, B. A. A meta-analysis of 25 years of mood-creativity research: hedonic tone, activation, or regulatory focus?. Psychol. Bull. 134, 779–806. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012815 (2008).
doi: 10.1037/a0012815
pubmed: 18954157
Yuan, Y. & MacKinnon, D. P. Bayesian mediation analysis. Psychol. Methods 14, 301–322. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016972 (2009).
doi: 10.1037/a0016972
pubmed: 19968395
pmcid: 2885293
Forthmann, B., Szardenings, C. & Holling, H. Understanding the confounding effect of fluency in divergent thinking scores: revisiting average scores to quantify artifactual correlation. Psychol. Aesthet. Creat. Arts 14, 94–112. https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000196 (2020).
doi: 10.1037/aca0000196
Benedek, M., Mühlmann, C., Jauk, E. & Neubauer, A. C. Assessment of divergent thinking by means of the subjective top-scoring method: effects of the number of top-ideas and time-on-task on reliability and validity. Psychol. Aesthet. Creat. Arts 7, 341–349. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033644 (2013).
doi: 10.1037/a0033644
pubmed: 24790683
pmcid: 4001084
Plucker, J. A., Qian, M. & Wang, S. Is originality in the eye of the beholder? Comparison of scoring techniques in the assessment of divergent thinking. J. Creat. Behav. 45, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.2011.tb01081.x (2011).
doi: 10.1002/j.2162-6057.2011.tb01081.x
Rominger, C., Papousek, I., Fink, A. & Weiss, E. M. Enhancement of figural creativity by motor activation: effects of unilateral hand contractions on creativity are moderated by positive schizotypy. Laterality 19, 424–438. https://doi.org/10.1080/1357650X.2013.858725 (2014).
doi: 10.1080/1357650X.2013.858725
pubmed: 24266794
Goldstein, A., Revivo, K., Kreitler, M. & Metuki, N. Unilateral muscle contractions enhance creative thinking. Psychon. Bull. & Rev. 17, 895–899. https://doi.org/10.3758/PBR.17.6.895 (2010).
doi: 10.3758/PBR.17.6.895
Turner, C. E., Hahn, M. E. & Kellogg, R. T. Semantic processing in the left versus right cerebral hemispheres following unilateral hand contractions. Laterality 22, 219–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/1357650X.2016.1154861 (2017).
doi: 10.1080/1357650X.2016.1154861
pubmed: 26947117
Jauk, E. V., Benedek, M. & Neubauer, A. C. The road to creative achievement: a latent variable model of ability and personality predictors. Eur. J. Personal. 28, 95–105. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.1941 (2014).
doi: 10.1002/per.1941
Stephan, Y., Sutin, A. R., Luchetti, M., Bosselut, G. & Terracciano, A. Physical activity and personality development over twenty years: evidence from three longitudinal samples. J. Res. Personal. 73, 173–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2018.02.005 (2018).
doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2018.02.005
Conner, T. S., DeYoung, C. G. & Silvia, P. J. Everyday creative activity as a path to flourishing. J. Posit. Psychol. 13, 181–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2016.1257049 (2018).
doi: 10.1080/17439760.2016.1257049
Trost, S. G., Mciver, K. L. & Pate, R. R. Conducting accelerometer-based activity assessments in field-based research. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 37, S531–S543. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000185657.86065.98 (2005).
doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000185657.86065.98
pubmed: 16294116
Forthmann, B., Szardenings, C. & Dumas, D. On the conceptual overlap between the fluency contamination effect in divergent thinking scores and the chance view on scientific creativity. J. Creat. Behav https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.445 (2020).
doi: 10.1002/jocb.445
Amabile, T. M. Social psychology of creativity: a consensual assessment technique. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 43, 997–1013. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.43.5.997 (1982).
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.43.5.997
Rominger, C., Fink, A., Weiss, E. M., Bosch, J. & Papousek, I. Allusive thinking (remote associations) and auditory top-down inhibition skills differentially predict creativity and positive schizotypy. Cognit. Neuropsychiatry 22, 108–121. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546805.2016.1278361 (2017).
doi: 10.1080/13546805.2016.1278361
Palmiero, M., Nori, R. & Piccardi, L. Verbal and visual divergent thinking in aging. Exp. Brain Res. 235, 1021–1029. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-016-4857-4 (2017).
doi: 10.1007/s00221-016-4857-4
pubmed: 28032140
Mouchiroud, C. & Lubart, T. Children’s original thinking: an empirical examination of alternative measures derived from divergent thinking tasks. J. Genet. Psychol. 162, 382–401. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221320109597491 (2001).
doi: 10.1080/00221320109597491
pubmed: 11831349
Rominger, C. et al. The creative brain in the figural domain. Distinct patterns of EEG alpha power during idea generation and idea elaboration. Neuropsychologia 118, 13–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.02.013 (2018).
doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.02.013
pubmed: 29452125
Troiano, R. P. et al. Physical activity in the United States measured by accelerometer. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 40, 181–188. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31815a51b3 (2008).
doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31815a51b3
pubmed: 18091006
Fleig, L. et al. Environmental and psychosocial correlates of objectively measured physical activity among older adults. Health Psychol. 35, 1364–1372. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000403 (2016).
doi: 10.1037/hea0000403
pubmed: 27505192
Peeters, G., van Gellecum, Y., Ryde, G., Farías, N. A. & Brown, W. J. Is the pain of activity log-books worth the gain in precision when distinguishing wear and non-wear time for tri-axial accelerometers?. J. Sci. Med. Sport 16, 515–519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.12.002 (2013).
doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.12.002
pubmed: 23294696
Sasaki, J. E., John, D. & Freedson, P. S. Validation and comparison of ActiGraph activity monitors. J. Sci. Med. Sport 14, 411–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2011.04.003 (2011).
doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2011.04.003
pubmed: 21616714
Tryon, W. W. & Williams, R. Fully proportional actigraphy: a new instrument. Behav. Res. Methods Instrum. Comput. 28, 392–403. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03200519 (1996).
doi: 10.3758/BF03200519
Aadland, E. & Ylvisåker, E. Reliability of the actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer in adults under free-living conditions. PLoS ONE 10, e0134606. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134606 (2015).
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134606
pubmed: 26274586
pmcid: 4537282
Brønd, J. C., Andersen, L. B. & Arvidsson, D. Generating ActiGraph counts from raw acceleration recorded by an alternative monitor. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 49, 2351–2360. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001344 (2017).
doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001344
pubmed: 28604558
Mâsse, L. C. et al. Accelerometer data reduction: a comparison of four reduction algorithms on select outcome variables. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 37, S544–S554. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000185674.09066.8a (2005).
doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000185674.09066.8a
pubmed: 16294117
Choi, L., Liu, Z., Matthews, C. E. & Buchowski, M. S. Validation of accelerometer wear and nonwear time classification algorithm. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 43, 357–364. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181ed61a3 (2011).
doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181ed61a3
pubmed: 20581716
pmcid: 3184184
Colley, R., Connor Gorber, S. & Tremblay, M. S. Quality control and data reduction procedures for accelerometry-derived measures of physical activity. Health Rep. 21, 63 (2010).
pubmed: 20426228
Matthews, C. E., Ainsworth, B. E., Thompson, R. W. & Bassett, D. R. Sources of variance in daily physical activity levels as measured by an accelerometer. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 34, 1376–1381. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200208000-00021 (2002).
doi: 10.1097/00005768-200208000-00021
pubmed: 12165695
Krohne, H. W., Egloff, B., Kohlmann, C. W. & Tausch, A. Untersuchungen mit einer deutschen Version der , Positive and Negative Affect Schedule‘ (PANAS). Diagnostica 42, 139–156 (1996).
Watson, D., Clark, L. A. & Tellegen, A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 54, 1063–1070. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 (1988).
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
Schwerdtfeger, A. R. & Gerteis, A. K. S. The manifold effects of positive affect on heart rate variability in everyday life. Distinguishing within-person and between-person associations. Health Psychol. 33, 1065–1073. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000079 (2014).
doi: 10.1037/hea0000079
pubmed: 24707841
Egloff, B., Schmukle, S. C., Burns, L. R., Kohlmann, C.-W. & Hock, M. Facets of dynamic positive affect: differentiating joy, interest, and activation in the positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS). J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 85, 528–540. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.3.528 (2003).
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.85.3.528
Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. Using Multivariate Statistics 6th edn. (Pearson Education, Harlow, Essex, 2014).
R Development Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing (R Foundation, Vienna, Austria, 2017).
Bürkner, P.-C. brm: an R package for Bayesian multilevel models using Stan. J. Stat. Softw. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v080.i01 (2017).
doi: 10.18637/jss.v080.i01
van de Schoot, R., Broere, J. J., Perryck, K. H., Zondervan-Zwijnenburg, M. & van Loey, N. E. Analyzing small data sets using Bayesian estimation: The case of posttraumatic stress symptoms following mechanical ventilation in burn survivors. Eur. J. Psychotraumatol. 6, 25216 (2015).
doi: 10.3402/ejpt.v6.25216
Tingley, D., Yamamoto, T., Hirose, K., Keele, L. & Imai, K. Mediation: Causal Mediation Analysis (2017).
Silvia, P. J. et al. Assessing creativity with divergent thinking tasks. Exploring the reliability and validity of new subjective scoring methods. Psych. Aesthet. Creat. Arts 2, 68–85. https://doi.org/10.1037/1931-3896.2.2.68 (2008).
doi: 10.1037/1931-3896.2.2.68