Associations Between Hormonal Biomarkers and Preterm Infant Health and Development During the First 2 Years After Birth.
Biomarkers
/ metabolism
Child Development
/ physiology
Humans
Hydrocortisone
/ metabolism
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Infant, Premature
/ growth & development
Infant, Very Low Birth Weight
Intensive Care Units, Neonatal
/ statistics & numerical data
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Saliva
/ metabolism
Sex Factors
Testosterone
/ metabolism
cortisol
gender differences
hormonal biomarkers
infant development
infant physical growth
testosterone
very-low-birthweight infants
Journal
Biological research for nursing
ISSN: 1552-4175
Titre abrégé: Biol Res Nurs
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9815758
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
04 2021
04 2021
Historique:
pubmed:
24
7
2020
medline:
22
7
2021
entrez:
24
7
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Testosterone levels have been used to examine infant boys' vulnerability to health and developmental problems, following the general theories of gender differences and the theory of extreme male brain of autism. As testosterone is a representative androgen hormone and is higher in preterm than full-term infants, we used this steroid to determine if hypothalamic pituitary hormones, testosterone, and cortisol, were related to physical growth, health, and development of very-low-birthweight (VLBW, BW < 1,500 g) infants. For this comparative longitudinal study, 40 VLBW infants were recruited from a neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary medical center. Data were collected from medical record reviews, questionnaires, and assessments of infant development at 6, 12, and 24 months. We collected saliva at the three time points and measured hormones using enzyme-immunoassays. General and generalized mixed models showed that a 1pg/ml increment of testosterone was related to a -0.42% decrease in body weight, a -0.18% decrease in length, and a -0.10% decrease in head circumference. Cortisol levels were not associated with any outcome variable. The interactions between testosterone and time on physical growth and socioemotional development also occurred. Elevated testosterone levels can be a biological risk factor for poor infant growth and development. Theories about the effects of elevated prenatal testosterone could be useful in predicting health and developmental outcomes among VLBW infants. Research beyond the first 2 years will be needed as infants show more socioemotional and behavioral problems as they grow older.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Testosterone levels have been used to examine infant boys' vulnerability to health and developmental problems, following the general theories of gender differences and the theory of extreme male brain of autism.
OBJECTIVES
As testosterone is a representative androgen hormone and is higher in preterm than full-term infants, we used this steroid to determine if hypothalamic pituitary hormones, testosterone, and cortisol, were related to physical growth, health, and development of very-low-birthweight (VLBW, BW < 1,500 g) infants.
METHOD
For this comparative longitudinal study, 40 VLBW infants were recruited from a neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary medical center. Data were collected from medical record reviews, questionnaires, and assessments of infant development at 6, 12, and 24 months. We collected saliva at the three time points and measured hormones using enzyme-immunoassays.
RESULTS
General and generalized mixed models showed that a 1pg/ml increment of testosterone was related to a -0.42% decrease in body weight, a -0.18% decrease in length, and a -0.10% decrease in head circumference. Cortisol levels were not associated with any outcome variable. The interactions between testosterone and time on physical growth and socioemotional development also occurred.
DISCUSSION
Elevated testosterone levels can be a biological risk factor for poor infant growth and development. Theories about the effects of elevated prenatal testosterone could be useful in predicting health and developmental outcomes among VLBW infants. Research beyond the first 2 years will be needed as infants show more socioemotional and behavioral problems as they grow older.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32700638
doi: 10.1177/1099800420942893
pmc: PMC8264856
doi:
Substances chimiques
Biomarkers
0
Testosterone
3XMK78S47O
Hydrocortisone
WI4X0X7BPJ
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
188-197Subventions
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : R01 HD076871
Pays : United States
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