Exposure of nursing mothers to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Levels of un-metabolized and metabolized compounds in breast milk, major sources of exposure and infants' health risks.
Biomarkers of exposure
Human biomonitoring
Infant exposure assessment
PAH metabolites (OH-PAHs)
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
Journal
Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
ISSN: 1873-6424
Titre abrégé: Environ Pollut
Pays: England
ID NLM: 8804476
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Nov 2020
Nov 2020
Historique:
received:
19
05
2020
revised:
10
07
2020
accepted:
10
07
2020
pubmed:
24
7
2020
medline:
17
9
2020
entrez:
24
7
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
In this study, biomonitoring of nursing Portuguese mothers to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure and assessment of potential health risks of their infants were performed through determination of 18 PAHs and 6 major metabolites (OH-PAHs) in breast milk. Concentrations of total PAHs ranged between 55.2 and 1119 ng/g fat, being naphthalene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, and phenanthrene the most abundant compounds (68.4% of ∑PAHs). Benzo(a)pyrene, known carcinogenic, was not detected. Total levels of OH-PAHs ranged from 6.66 to 455 ng/g fat with 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, 1-hydroxynaphthalene and 1-hydroxyacenaphthene as major compounds (96% of ∑OH-PAHs). Concentrations of ∑PAHs and ∑OH-PAHs were strongly correlated between each other (r = 0.692; p ≤ 0.001) and moderately-to-strongly associated with individual compounds (0.203 < r < 0.841; p ≤ 0.001). The attained data suggest increased levels of PAHs in older nursing mothers (>30 years) and in those whose child had lower weight (up to 3.0 kg). Breast-fed infant presented a median PAHs daily intake of 1.41 μg/kg body weight (total benzo(a)pyrene equivalents of 0.0679 μg/kg) and were exposed to 0.024 μg/kg body weight of ∑PAH4 [benz(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(j)fluoranthene, and chrysene]. Although breast milk is a secure food for newborns, un-metabolized and metabolized PAHs should be included in biomonitoring surveillance studies during breastfeeding to prevent potential health risks for infants.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32702605
pii: S0269-7491(20)33704-0
doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115243
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
0
Benzo(a)pyrene
3417WMA06D
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
115243Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. This work has received approval for research ethics from the Ethics Committee of University School Vasco da Gama (Coimbra, Portugal) and a proof/certificate of approval is available upon request.