Diverse variola virus (smallpox) strains were widespread in northern Europe in the Viking Age.


Journal

Science (New York, N.Y.)
ISSN: 1095-9203
Titre abrégé: Science
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0404511

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
24 07 2020
Historique:
received: 13 02 2019
revised: 13 02 2020
accepted: 29 05 2020
entrez: 25 7 2020
pubmed: 25 7 2020
medline: 7 8 2020
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Smallpox, one of the most devastating human diseases, killed between 300 million and 500 million people in the 20th century alone. We recovered viral sequences from 13 northern European individuals, including 11 dated to ~600-1050 CE, overlapping the Viking Age, and reconstructed near-complete variola virus genomes for four of them. The samples predate the earliest confirmed smallpox cases by ~1000 years, and the sequences reveal a now-extinct sister clade of the modern variola viruses that were in circulation before the eradication of smallpox. We date the most recent common ancestor of variola virus to ~1700 years ago. Distinct patterns of gene inactivation in the four near-complete sequences show that different evolutionary paths of genotypic host adaptation resulted in variola viruses that circulated widely among humans.

Identifiants

pubmed: 32703849
pii: 369/6502/eaaw8977
doi: 10.1126/science.aaw8977
pii:
doi:

Banques de données

figshare
['10.6084/m9.figshare.12185466']

Types de publication

Historical Article Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Subventions

Organisme : Wellcome Trust
Pays : United Kingdom

Commentaires et corrections

Type : CommentIn

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.

Auteurs

Barbara Mühlemann (B)

Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany.

Lasse Vinner (L)

Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Center, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.

Ashot Margaryan (A)

Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Center, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia.

Helene Wilhelmson (H)

Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
Sydsvensk Arkeologi AB, 291 22 Kristianstad, Sweden.

Constanza de la Fuente Castro (C)

Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

Morten E Allentoft (ME)

Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Center, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, 6102 Perth, WA, Australia.

Peter de Barros Damgaard (P)

Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Center, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.

Anders Johannes Hansen (AJ)

Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Center, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.

Sofie Holtsmark Nielsen (S)

Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Center, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.

Lisa Mariann Strand (LM)

Department of Archaeology and Cultural History, Norwegian University of Science and Technology University Museum, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.

Jan Bill (J)

Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, 0130 Oslo, Norway.

Alexandra Buzhilova (A)

Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 125009, Russian Federation.

Tamara Pushkina (T)

Department of Archaeology, Faculty of History, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russian Federation.

Ceri Falys (C)

Thames Valley Archaeological Services, Reading RG1 5NR, UK.

Valeri Khartanovich (V)

Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.

Vyacheslav Moiseyev (V)

Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.

Marie Louise Schjellerup Jørkov (MLS)

Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.

Palle Østergaard Sørensen (P)

Roskilde Museum, Frederikssund Museum, 3630 Jægerspris, Denmark.

Yvonne Magnusson (Y)

Malmö Museum, 201 24 Malmö, Sweden.

Ingrid Gustin (I)

Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.

Hannes Schroeder (H)

Section for Evolutionary Genomics, GLOBE Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark.

Gerd Sutter (G)

Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany.
German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site, Munich, Germany.

Geoffrey L Smith (GL)

Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.

Christian Drosten (C)

Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany.

Ron A M Fouchier (RAM)

Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3015 CN Rotterdam, Netherlands.

Derek J Smith (DJ)

Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.

Eske Willerslev (E)

Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Center, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. ewillerslev@sund.ku.dk tcj25@cam.ac.uk martin.sikora@sund.ku.dk.
Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Center, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK.
Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.

Terry C Jones (TC)

Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. ewillerslev@sund.ku.dk tcj25@cam.ac.uk martin.sikora@sund.ku.dk.
Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany.

Martin Sikora (M)

Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Center, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. ewillerslev@sund.ku.dk tcj25@cam.ac.uk martin.sikora@sund.ku.dk.

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