Friend or foe? Postdivorce hostility among recently divorced individuals.
divorce
hostility
marital dissolution
norm data
postdivorce
Journal
Aggressive behavior
ISSN: 1098-2337
Titre abrégé: Aggress Behav
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 7502265
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
11 2020
11 2020
Historique:
received:
07
10
2019
revised:
08
07
2020
accepted:
11
07
2020
pubmed:
28
7
2020
medline:
30
10
2020
entrez:
26
7
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
High levels of hostility often occur during and postdivorce and may significantly affect the quality of life, parent-child relationships, and social functioning of divorcees. Moreover, hostility may predict aggressive and violent behavior. This study sought to (a) compare average general hostility levels of a large sample of Danish divorcees to the norms of the general adult Danish population, (b) compare general hostility levels between male and female divorcees, and (c) investigate the explanatory value of various sociodemographic and divorce-related factors on postdivorce general hostility and whether these factors differ across gender. Cross-sectional baseline data (N = 1,856) from a larger randomized controlled trial study was used in this study. Normative data from a general sample of Danish adults (N = 2,040) was used for comparisons of hostility levels between our study sample and the Danish background population. This study found that male and female divorcees did not report significantly different hostility levels. However, participants reported significantly higher hostility levels postdivorce than the comparative Danish norm sample. Significant predictors of postdivorce hostility were lower age, lower educational level, infidelity as a reason for divorce, higher degree of postdivorce conflict, worse communication with the former spouse, the former spouse as the initiator of the divorce, and new partner status with neither divorcees having a new partner, or only the former spouse having a new partner. The predictive strength of the factors did not differ across gender. The findings may be especially relevant for interventions targeting problematic outcomes postdivorce (e.g., preventing aggressive behavior).
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
523-534Informations de copyright
© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Références
Amato, P. R. (2000). The consequences of divorce for adults and children. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62(4), 1269-1287. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.01269.x
Amato, P. R. (2010). Research on divorce: Continuing trends and new developments. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(3), 650-666. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00723.x
Amato, P. R. (2014). The consequences of divorce for adults and children: An update. Društvena Istraživanja - Časopis Za Opća Društvena Pitanja, 1, 5-24. https://doi.org/10.5559/di.23.1.01
Archer, J. (2002). Sex differences in physically aggressive acts between heterosexual partners: A meta-analytic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 7(4), 313-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-1789(01)00061-1
Beck, A. T. (1999). Prisoners of hate: The cognitive basis of anger, hostility, and violence. New York, NY: Harper Collins Publishers.
Birkley, E., & Eckhardt, C. (2015). Anger, hostility, internalizing negative emotions, and intimate partner violence perpetration: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 37, 40-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.01.002
Bonach, K. (2005). Factors contributing to quality coparenting. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 43(3-4), 79-103. https://doi.org/10.1300/J087v43n03_05
Bookwala, J., Sobin, J., & Zdaniuk, B. (2005). Gender and aggression in marital relationships: A life-span perspective. Sex Roles, 52(11), 797-806. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-005-4200-1
Bush, R. A. B., & Pope, S. G. (2002). Changing the quality of conflict interaction: The principles and practice of transformative mediation. Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal, 3, 67-96.
Buss, A. H., & Durkee, A. (1957). An inventory for assessing different kinds of hostility. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 26, 84-89. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0046900
Caine, T. M., Foulds, G. A., & Hope, K. (1967). Manual of the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ). London, UK: University London Press.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016). Provisional number of marriages and marriage rate: United States, 2000-2016. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/dvs/national_marriage_divorce_rates_00-16.pdf
Chan, K. L. (2011). Gender differences in self-reports of intimate partner violence: A review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 16(2), 167-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2011.02.008
Clements, M. L., Stanley, S. M., & Markman, H. J. (2004). Before they said “I do”: Discriminating among marital outcomes over 13 years. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66(3), 613-626. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00041.x
Cohen, J. (1977). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. New York, NY: Academic Press, Inc.
Cohen, O., & Finzi-Dottan, R. (2014). Contribution of health, coparenting, and maturity of defense mechanisms to the quality of life of divorcing and divorced parents: A longitudinal study. Marriage & Family Review, 50(5), 395-415. https://doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2013.879559
Coysh, W. S., Johnston, J. R., Tschann, J. M., Wallerstein, J. S., & Kline, M. (1989). Parental postdivorce adjustment in joint and sole physical custody families. Journal of Family Issues, 10(1), 52-71. https://doi.org/10.1177/019251389010001003
Curtis, J. M. (1982). Styles of dealing with hostility. Psychological Reports, 51(1), 79-83. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1982.51.1.79
Derogatis, L., Rickels, K., & Rock, A. (1976). The SCL-90 and the MMPI: A step in the validation of a new self-report scale. British Journal of Psychiatry, 128(3), 280-289. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.128.3.280
Derogatis, L. R. (2009). Symptom Checklist-90-R (Danish Version). Bloomington, MN: NCS Pearson, Inc.
Derogatis, L. R. (2000). Symptom checklist-90-revised. In A. J. Rush, M. M. First & D. Blacker (Eds.), Handbook of psychiatric measures (pp. 81-84). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
DiBello, A. M., Neighbors, C., & Ammar, J. (2015). Self-affirmation theory and cigarette smoking warning images. Addictive Behaviors, 41, 87-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.09.026
Dreman, S., & Aldor, R. (1994). A comparative study of custodial mothers and fathers in the stabilization phase of the divorce process. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 21(3-4), 59-80. https://doi.org/10.1300/J087v21n03_04
Eckhardt, C., Norlander, B., & Deffenbacher, J. (2004). The assessment of anger and hostility: A critical review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 9, 17-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-1789(02)00116-7
Erel, O., & Burman, B. (1995). Interrelatedness of marital relations and parent-child relations: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 118(1), 108-132. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.118.1.108
European Commission. (2015). Demography Report. Luxembourg, Germany: Publications Office of the European Union. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/7330775/7339482/Demography+report+%E2%80%93+2015+edition/ce8144e3-8e9b-427d-b6a2-61ff42950d41
Everson-Rose, S. A., & Lewis, T. T. (2005). Psychosocial factors and cardiovascular diseases. Annual Review of Public Health, 26, 469-500. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144542
Fabricius, W., & Luecken, L. (2007). Postdivorce living arrangements, parent conflict, and long-term physical health correlates for children of divorce. Journal of Family Psychology, 21(2), 195-205. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.21.2.195
Frazier, P., & Cook, S. (1993). Correlates of distress following heterosexual relationship dissolution. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 10(1), 55-67. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407593101004
Genuchi, M. (2015). Anger and hostility as primary externalizing features of depression in college men. International Journal of Men's Health, 14(2), 113-128.
Goodman, C. (1994). Divorce after long term marriages: Former spouse relationships. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 20(1-2), 43-61. https://doi.org/10.1300/J087v20n01_03
Hackney, G. R., & Ribordy, S. C. (1980). An empirical investigation of emotional reactions to divorce. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36(1), 105-110. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(198001)36:1<105::AID-JCLP2270360107>3.0.CO;2-C
Hald, G. M., Ciprić, A., Øverup, C. S., Štulhofer, A., Lange, T., Sander, S., … Strizzi, J. M. (2020). Randomized controlled trial study of the effects of an online divorce platform on anxiety, depression, and somatization. Journal of Family Psychology, https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000635
Hald, G. M., Strizzi, J. M., Cipric, A., & Sander, S. (2020). The Divorce Conflict Scale. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 61(2), 83-104. https://doi.org/10.1080/10502556.2019.1627150
Hall, J. H., & Fincham, F. D. (2006). Relationship dissolution following infidelity. In M. A. Fine & J. H. Harvey (Eds.), Handbook of divorce and relationship dissolution (pp. 153-168). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Hardesty, J. L., Crossman, K. A., Khaw, L., & Raffaelli, M. (2016). Marital violence and co-parenting quality after separation. Journal of Family Psychology, 30, 320-330. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000132
Hilton, J., & Kopera-Frye, K. (2004). Patterns of psychological adjustment among divorced custodial parents. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 41(3-4), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1300/J087v41n03_01
Howell, J. L., & Shepperd, J. A. (2012). Reducing information avoidance through affirmation. Psychological Science, 23(2), 141-145. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611424164
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Johnston, J. R. (1994). High-conflict divorce. The Future of Children, 4(1), 165-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012278805-5/50005-5
Judge, T. A., Scott, B. A., & Ilies, R. (2006). Hostility, job attitudes, and workplace deviance: Test of a multilevel model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(1), 126-138. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.1.126
Kołodziej-Zaleska, A., & Przybyła-Basista, H. (2016). Psychological well-being of individuals after divorce: The role of social support. Current Issues in Personality Psychology, 4(4), 206-216. https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp.2016.62940
Kring, A. M. (2000). Gender and anger. In A. H. Fischer (Ed.), Gender and emotion: Social psychological perspectives (pp. 211-231). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511628191.011
Leys, C., Ley, O., Klein, P., Bernard, L., & Licata, C. (2013). Detecting outliers: Do not use standard deviation around the mean, use absolute deviation around the median. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49(4), 764-766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2013.03.013
Lindsay, J. J., & Anderson, C. A. (2000). From antecedent conditions to violent actions: A general affective aggression model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(5), 533-547. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167200267002
Maccoby, E. E., Depner, C. E., & Mnookin, R. H. (1990). Coparenting in the second year after divorce. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, 141-155. https://doi.org/10.2307/352846
Marks, N. (1996). Flying solo at midlife: Gender, marital status, and psychological well-being. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58(4), 917-932. https://doi.org/10.2307/353980
Marsh, H. W., Hau, K., & Wen, Z. (2004). In search of golden rules: Comment on hypothesis-testing approaches to setting cutoff values for fit indexes and dangers in overgeneralizing Hu and Bentler's (1999) findings. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 11(3), 320-341. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem1103_2
Masheter, C. (1991). Post-divorce relationships between ex-spouses: The role of attachment and interpersonal conflict. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, 103-110. https://doi.org/10.2307/353136
Miller, T., Smith, T., Turner, C., Guijarro, M., Hallet, A., & Steinberg, R. J. (1996). A meta-analytic review of research on hostility and physical health. Psychological Bulletin, 119(2), 322-348. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.119.2.322
Mitcham-Smith, M., & Henry, W. (2007). High-conflict divorce solutions: Parenting coordination as an innovative co-parenting intervention. The Family Journal, 15(4), 368-373. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480707303751
Nabi, H., Singh-Manoux, A., Ferrie, J. E., Marmot, M. G., Melchior, M., & Kivimäki, M. (2010). Hostility and depressive mood: Results from the Whitehall II prospective cohort study. Psychological Medicine, 40(3), 405-413. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291709990432
Nasby, W., Hayden, B., & DePaulo, B. M. (1980). Attributional bias among aggressive boys to interpret unambiguous social stimuli as displays of hostility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 89(3), 459-468. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.89.3.459
Nelson, R. (1990). Parental hostility, conflict and communication in joint and sole custody families. Journal of Divorce, 13(2), 145-157. https://doi.org/10.1300/J279v13n02_07
Norlander, B., & Eckhardt, C. (2005). Anger, hostility, and male perpetrators of intimate partner violence: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 25, 119-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2004.10.001
Olsen, L. R., Mortensen, E. L., & Bech, P. (2004). The SCL-90 and SCL-90R versions validated by item response models in a Danish community sample. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 110(3), 225-229. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00399.x
Olsen, L. R., Mortensen, E. L., & Bech, P. (2006). Mental distress in the Danish general population. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 113(6), 477-484. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00743.x
Pettit, E., & Bloom, B. (1984). Whose decision was it? The effects of initiator status on adjustment to marital disruption. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 46(3), 587-595. https://doi.org/10.2307/352600
Ponnet, K., Wouters, E., Mortelmans, D., Pasteels, I., De Backer, C., Van Leeuwen, K., & Van Hiel, A. (2013). The influence of mothers' and fathers' parenting stress and depressive symptoms on own and partner's parent-child communication. Family Process, 52(2), 312-324. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12001
Ross, J., & Babcock, J. (2009). Gender differences in partner violence in context: Deconstructing Johnson's (2001) control-based typology of violent couples. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 18(6), 604-622. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926770903103180
Sbarra, D. A., & Emery, R. E. (2005). Coparenting conflict, nonacceptance, and depression among divorced adults: Results from a 12-year follow-up study of child custody mediation using multiple imputation. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 75(1), 63-75. https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.75.1.63
Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research, 8(2), 23-74.
Schumacher, J. A., Feldbau-Kohn, S., Slep, A. M. S., & Heyman, R. E. (2001). Risk factors for male-to-female partner physical abuse. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 6, 281-352. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-1789(00)00027-6
Shackelford, T., Leblanc, G., & Drass, E. (2000). Emotional reactions to infidelity. Cognition & emotion, 14(5), 643-659. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930050117657
Smith, T. W. (1994). Concepts and methods in the study of anger, hostility, and health. In A. W. Siegman & T. W. Smith (Eds.), Anger, hostility, and the heart (pp. 23-42). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Spielberger, C. D. (1988). State-trait anger expression inventory professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Statistics Denmark. (2017). Denmark in Figures 2017. Statistics Denmark. Retrieve from https://www.dst.dk/Site/Dst/Udgivelser/GetPubFile.aspx?id=21501&sid=denmark%20in%20figures%202017%20net
Sweeney, M., & Horwitz, A. (2001). Infidelity, initiation, and the emotional climate of divorce: Are there implications for mental health? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 42(3), 295-309. https://doi.org/10.2307/3090216
Symoens, S., Bastaits, K., Mortelmans, D., & Bracke, P. (2013). Breaking up, breaking hearts? Characteristics of the divorce process and well-being after divorce. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 54(3), 177-196. https://doi.org/10.1080/10502556.2013.773792
Symoens, S., Colman, E., & Bracke, P. (2014). Divorce, conflict and mental health: How the quality of intimate relationships is linked to post-divorce well-being. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 44(3), 220-233. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12215
Thuen, F. (2001). Psychiatric symptoms and perceived need for psychiatric care after divorce. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 34(1-2), 61-76. https://doi.org/10.1300/J087v34n01_04
Vandervoort, D. (2006). Hostility and health: Mediating effects of belief systems and coping styles. Current Psychology, 25(1), 50-66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-006-1016-2
Wang, H., & Amato, P. (2000). Predictors of divorce adjustment: Stressors, resources, and definitions. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62(3), 655-668. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.00655.x
Whiteside, M. F. (1998). The parental alliance following divorce: An overview. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 24(1), 3-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.1998.tb01060.x