The Role of Immunomodulatory Receptors in the Pathogenesis of HIV Infection: A Therapeutic Opportunity for HIV Cure?
Animals
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
Biomarkers
Clinical Trials as Topic
Disease Management
Disease Susceptibility
/ immunology
HIV Infections
/ drug therapy
HIV-1
/ drug effects
Host-Pathogen Interactions
/ immunology
Humans
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
/ pharmacology
Immune Checkpoint Proteins
/ metabolism
Immunomodulation
Molecular Targeted Therapy
Receptors, Immunologic
/ antagonists & inhibitors
T-Lymphocyte Subsets
/ drug effects
Treatment Outcome
Viral Load
CD8 T cells
HIV
HIV pathogenesis
checkpoint inhibition therapy
checkpoint receptors
Journal
Frontiers in immunology
ISSN: 1664-3224
Titre abrégé: Front Immunol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101560960
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2020
2020
Historique:
received:
05
12
2019
accepted:
15
05
2020
entrez:
28
7
2020
pubmed:
28
7
2020
medline:
13
4
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Immune activation is the hallmark of HIV infection and plays a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In the context of suppressed HIV RNA replication by combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), there remains immune activation which is associated to the HIV reservoirs. Persistent virus contributes to a sustained inflammatory environment promoting accumulation of "activated/exhausted" T cells with diminished effector function. These T cells show increased expression of immunomodulatory receptors including Programmed cell death protein (PD1), Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4 (CTLA4), Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3), T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing 3 (TIM3) among others. More importantly, recent reports had demonstrated that, HIV infected T cells express checkpoint receptors, contributing to their survival and promoting maintenance of the viral reservoir. Therapeutic strategies are focused on viral reservoir elimination and/or those to achieve sustained cART-free virologic remission. In this review, we will discuss the immunological basis and the latest advances of the use of checkpoint inhibitors to treat HIV infection.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32714317
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01223
pmc: PMC7343933
doi:
Substances chimiques
Biomarkers
0
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
0
Immune Checkpoint Proteins
0
Receptors, Immunologic
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1223Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2020 Chen, Moussa and Catalfamo.
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