Endogenous Retroviruses Walk a Fine Line between Priming and Silencing.
RNA interference (RNAi)
early transposon (ETn)
endogenous retrovirus (ERV)
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
intracisternal A-particle (IAP)
small RNA silencing
tRNA primer binding site (PBS)
tRNA-fragment (tRF)
Journal
Viruses
ISSN: 1999-4915
Titre abrégé: Viruses
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101509722
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
23 07 2020
23 07 2020
Historique:
received:
26
05
2020
revised:
17
07
2020
accepted:
20
07
2020
entrez:
29
7
2020
pubmed:
29
7
2020
medline:
27
2
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) in mammals are closely related to infectious retroviruses and utilize host tRNAs as a primer for reverse transcription and replication, a hallmark of long terminal repeat (LTR) retroelements. Their dependency on tRNA makes these elements vulnerable to targeting by small RNAs derived from the 3'-end of mature tRNAs (3'-tRFs), which are highly expressed during epigenetic reprogramming and potentially protect many tissues in eukaryotes. Here, we review some key functions of ERV reprogramming during mouse and human development and discuss how small RNA-mediated silencing maintains genome stability when ERVs are temporarily released from heterochromatin repression. In particular, we take a closer look at the tRNA primer binding sites (PBS) of two highly active ERV families in mice and their sequence variation that is shaped by the conflict of successful tRNA priming for replication versus evasion of silencing by 3'-tRFs.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32718022
pii: v12080792
doi: 10.3390/v12080792
pmc: PMC7472051
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Retroelements
0
RNA, Transfer
9014-25-9
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
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