A review of subtidal kelp forests in Ireland: From first descriptions to new habitat monitoring techniques.

Kelp forests worldwide are important marine ecosystems that foster high primary to secondary productivity and multiple ecosystem services. These ecosystems are increasingly under threat from extreme storms, changing ocean temperatures, harvesting, and greater herbivore pressure at regional and global scales, necessitating urgent documentation of their historical to present-day distributions. Species range shifts to higher latitudes have already been documented in some species that dominate subtidal habitats within Europe. Very little is known about kelp forest ecosystems in Ireland, where rocky coastlines are dominated by Ireland (Northern Ireland and Éire). Herbaria, literature from the Linnaean society dating back to late 1700s, journal articles, government reports, and online databases were scoured for information on Data were used to create distribution maps and analyze methodology and technology used to record While there has been a steady increase in recording effort of the dominant subtidal kelp forest species,

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© 2020 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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All authors declare no conflict of interest.