Individual Variation of Human Cortical Structure Is Established in the First Year of Life.
Cortex
Gray matter
Infant
Neurodevelopment
Neuroimaging
Sex differences
Journal
Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging
ISSN: 2451-9030
Titre abrégé: Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101671285
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
10 2020
10 2020
Historique:
received:
13
01
2020
revised:
28
04
2020
accepted:
21
05
2020
pubmed:
4
8
2020
medline:
11
3
2021
entrez:
4
8
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Individual differences in cortical gray matter (GM) structure are associated with cognitive function and psychiatric disorders with developmental origins. Identifying when individual differences in cortical structure are established in childhood is critical for understanding the timing of abnormal cortical development associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. We studied the development of cortical GM and white matter volume, cortical thickness, and surface area using structural magnetic resonance imaging in two unique cohorts of singleton (121 male and 131 female) and twin (99 male and 83 female) children imaged longitudinally from birth to 6 years. Cortical GM volume increases rapidly in the first year of life, with more gradual growth thereafter. Between ages 1 and 6 years, total surface area expands 29%, while average cortical thickness decreases about 3.5%. In both cohorts, a large portion of individual variation in cortical GM volume (81%-87%) and total surface area (73%-83%) at age 6 years is present by age 1 year. Regional heterogeneity of cortical thickness observed at age 6 is largely in place at age 1. These findings indicate that individual differences in cortical GM structure are largely established by the end of the first year of life, following a period of rapid postnatal GM growth. This suggests that alterations in GM structure associated with psychiatric disorders with developmental origins may largely arise in the first year of life and that interventions to normalize or mitigate abnormal GM development may need to be targeted to very early childhood.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Individual differences in cortical gray matter (GM) structure are associated with cognitive function and psychiatric disorders with developmental origins. Identifying when individual differences in cortical structure are established in childhood is critical for understanding the timing of abnormal cortical development associated with neuropsychiatric disorders.
METHODS
We studied the development of cortical GM and white matter volume, cortical thickness, and surface area using structural magnetic resonance imaging in two unique cohorts of singleton (121 male and 131 female) and twin (99 male and 83 female) children imaged longitudinally from birth to 6 years.
RESULTS
Cortical GM volume increases rapidly in the first year of life, with more gradual growth thereafter. Between ages 1 and 6 years, total surface area expands 29%, while average cortical thickness decreases about 3.5%. In both cohorts, a large portion of individual variation in cortical GM volume (81%-87%) and total surface area (73%-83%) at age 6 years is present by age 1 year. Regional heterogeneity of cortical thickness observed at age 6 is largely in place at age 1.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings indicate that individual differences in cortical GM structure are largely established by the end of the first year of life, following a period of rapid postnatal GM growth. This suggests that alterations in GM structure associated with psychiatric disorders with developmental origins may largely arise in the first year of life and that interventions to normalize or mitigate abnormal GM development may need to be targeted to very early childhood.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32741702
pii: S2451-9022(20)30137-3
doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.05.012
pmc: PMC7860052
mid: NIHMS1618280
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
971-980Subventions
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH111944
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : K01 MH122779
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : P50 HD103573
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : P50 MH064065
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : U54 HD079124
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : T32 HD040127
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH070890
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : R01 HD053000
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : U01 MH070890
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH091645
Pays : United States
Commentaires et corrections
Type : CommentIn
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2020 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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