Neutron diffraction analysis of stress and strain partitioning in a two-phase microstructure with parallel-aligned phases.
Journal
Scientific reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
Titre abrégé: Sci Rep
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101563288
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
11 Aug 2020
11 Aug 2020
Historique:
received:
20
05
2020
accepted:
21
07
2020
entrez:
13
8
2020
pubmed:
13
8
2020
medline:
13
8
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
By time-of-flight (TOF) neutron diffraction experiments, the influence of segregation-induced microstructure bands of austenite (γ) and martensite (α' ) phases on the partitioning of stress and strain between these phases was investigated. Initially, tensile specimens of a Co-added stainless steel were heat treated by quenching and partitioning (Q&P) processing. Tensile specimens were subsequently loaded at 350 °C parallel to the length of the bands within the apparent elastic limit of the phase mixture. Lattice parameters in both axial and transverse directions were simultaneously measured for both phases. The observation of a lattice expansion for the γ phase in the transverse direction indicated a constraint on the free transverse straining of γ arising from the banded microstructure. The lateral contraction of α' imposed an interphase tensile microstress in the transverse direction of the γ phase. The multiaxial stress state developed in the γ phase resulted in a large deviation from the level of plastic strain expected for uniaxial loading of single phase γ. Since segregation-induced banded microstructures commonly occur in many engineering alloys, the analysis of stress and strain partitioning with the present Q&P steel can be used to interpret the observations made for further engineering alloys with two-phase microstructures.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32782253
doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-70299-1
pii: 10.1038/s41598-020-70299-1
pmc: PMC7421942
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
13536Subventions
Organisme : German Research Foundation (DFG)
ID : MO 2580/1-2
Commentaires et corrections
Type : ErratumIn
Références
Speer, J. G., Streicher, A. M., Matlock, D. K., Rizzo, F., & Krauss, G. Quenching and partitioning: A fundamentally new process to create high strength trip sheet microstructures. in Symposium on the Thermodynamics, Kinetics, Characterization and Modeling of: Austenite Formation and Decomposition, 505–522 (2003).
Wang, C., Chang, Y., Li, X., Zhao, K. & Dong, H. Relation of martensite-retained austenite and its effect on microstructure and mechanical properties of the quenched and partitioned steels. Sci. China Technol. Sci. 59(5), 832–838. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-016-6045-y (2016).
doi: 10.1007/s11431-016-6045-y
Gui, X. et al. Effect of bainitic transformation during BQ&P process on the mechanical properties in an ultrahigh strength Mn-Si-Cr-C steel. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 684, 598–605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.12.097 (2017).
doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2016.12.097
Speer, J. G. et al. Analysis of microstructure evolution in quenching and partitioning automotive sheet steel. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 42(12), 3591–3601. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-011-0869-7 (2011).
doi: 10.1007/s11661-011-0869-7
Tsuchiyama, T., Tobata, J., Tao, T., Nakada, N. & Takaki, S. Quenching and partitioning treatment of a low-carbon martensitic stainless steel. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 532, 585–592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2011.10.125 (2012).
doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2011.10.125
Findley, K. O., Hidalgo, J., Huizenga, R. M. & Santofimia, M. J. Controlling the work hardening of martensite to increase the strength/ductility balance in quenched and partitioned steels. Mater. Des. 117, 248–256 (2017).
doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.12.065
Yuan, L. et al. Nanoscale austenite reversion through partitioning, segregation and kinetic freezing: Example of a ductile 2 GPa Fe–Cr–C steel. Acta Mater. 60(6–7), 2790–2804 (2012).
doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2012.01.045
Mola, J. & De Cooman, B. C. Quenching and partitioning (Q&P) processing of martensitic stainless steels. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 44(2), 946–967 (2013).
doi: 10.1007/s11661-012-1420-1
Bigg, T. D., Edmonds, D. V. & Eardley, E. S. Real-time structural analysis of quenching and partitioning (Q&P) in an experimental martensitic steel. J. Alloys Compd. 577(Supplement 1), S695–S698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.01.205 (2013).
doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.01.205
Allain, S. et al. Effects of Q&P processing conditions on austenite carbon enrichment studied by in situ high-energy X-ray diffraction experiments. Metals 7(7), 232. https://doi.org/10.3390/met7070232 (2017).
doi: 10.3390/met7070232
Bénéteau, A. et al. Tempering of a martensitic stainless steel: Investigation by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Acta Mater. 81, 30–40 (2014).
doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2014.07.050
Huang, Q., Schröder, C., Biermann, H., Volkova, O. & Mola, J. Tempering reactions and elemental redistribution during tempering of martensitic stainless steels. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 50(8), 3663–3673. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-019-05272-3 (2019).
doi: 10.1007/s11661-019-05272-3
Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H., Kundu, S. & Abreu, H. Mathematics of crystallographic texture in martensitic and related transformations. In Microstructure and Texture in Steels (eds Haldar, A. et al.) 19–31 (Springer, London, 2009).
doi: 10.1007/978-1-84882-454-6_2
Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H. Worked Examples in the Geometry of Crystals (Institute of Metals, London, 1987).
Suh, D. W., Oh, C. S., Han, H. N. & Kim, S. J. Dilatometric analysis of phase fraction during austenite decomposition into banded microstructure in low-carbon steel. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 38(12), 2963–2973. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-007-9361-9 (2007).
doi: 10.1007/s11661-007-9361-9
Farooque, M., Qaisar, S., Khan, A. Q. & Haq, A. U. Dimensional anisotropy in 18 pct Ni maraging steel. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 32(5), 1057–1061 (2001).
doi: 10.1007/s11661-001-0116-8
Siegmund, T., Werner, E. & Fischer, F. D. The irreversible deformation of a duplex stainless steel under thermal cycling. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 169(1–2), 125–134 (1993).
doi: 10.1016/0921-5093(93)90607-G
Mola, J., Chae, D. & De Cooman, B. C. Dilatometric analysis of anisotropic dimensional changes in a 16 Pct Cr stainless steel with a planar banded structure. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 41(6), 1429–1440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-010-0206-6 (2010).
doi: 10.1007/s11661-010-0206-6
Cong, Z. H. et al. Stress and strain partitioning of ferrite and martensite during deformation. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 40(6), 1383–1387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-009-9824-2 (2009).
doi: 10.1007/s11661-009-9824-2
Ankem, S. & Margolin, H. A rationalization of stress-strain behavior of two-ductile phase alloys. Metall. Trans. A 17(12), 2209–2226 (1986).
doi: 10.1007/BF02645919
Neti, S., Vijayshankar, M. N. & Ankem, S. Finite element method modeling of deformation behavior of two-phase materials part II: Stress and strain distributions. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 145(1), 55–64 (1991).
doi: 10.1016/0921-5093(91)90295-X
Onink, M. et al. The lattice parameters of austenite and ferrite in Fe-C alloys as functions of carbon concentration and temperature. Scr. Metall. Mater. States 29(8), 1011 (1993).
doi: 10.1016/0956-716X(93)90169-S
Allain, S. Y. P. et al. In-situ investigation of quenching and partitioning by high energy X-ray diffraction experiments. Scr. Mater. 131, 15–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2016.12.026 (2017).
doi: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2016.12.026
Mary, N., Vignal, V., Oltra, R. & Coudreuse, L. Finite-element and XRD methods for the determination of the residual surface stress field and the elastic–plastic behaviour of duplex steels. Philos. Mag. 85(12), 1227–1242 (2005).
doi: 10.1080/14786430412331333329
Daymond, M. R. & Bonner, N. W. Lattice strain evolution in IMI 834 under applied stress. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 340(1–2), 272–280 (2003).
doi: 10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00183-1
Santisteban, J. R., Edwards, L., Steuwer, A. & Withers, P. J. Time-of-flight neutron transmission diffraction. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 34(3), 289–297. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889801003260 (2001).
doi: 10.1107/S0021889801003260
Huang, Q., De Cooman, B. C., Biermann, H. & Mola, J. Influence of Martensite fraction on the stabilization of austenite in austenitic–martensitic stainless steels. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 47, 1947–1959 (2016).
doi: 10.1007/s11661-016-3382-1
Verhoeven, J. D. A review of microsegregation induced banding phenomena in steels. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 9(3), 286–296. https://doi.org/10.1361/105994900770345935 (2000).
doi: 10.1361/105994900770345935
Krebs, B., Germain, L., Hazotte, A. & Gouné, M. Banded structure in dual phase steels in relation with the austenite-to-ferrite transformation mechanisms. J. Mater. Sci. 46(21), 7026–7038. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-011-5671-9 (2011).
doi: 10.1007/s10853-011-5671-9
Forouzan, F., Borasi, L., Vuorinen, E. & Mücklich, F. Optimization of quenching temperature to minimize the micro segregation induced banding phenomena in quenching and partitioning (Q&P) steels. Steel Res. Int. 90(1), 1800281. https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.201800281 (2019).
doi: 10.1002/srin.201800281
HajyAkbary, F. et al. A quantitative investigation of the effect of Mn segregation on microstructural properties of quenching and partitioning steels. Scr. Mater. 137, 27–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2017.04.040 (2017).
doi: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2017.04.040
Suutala, N., Takalo, T. & Moisio, T. Ferritic-austenitic solidification mode in austenitic stainless steel welds. Metall. Trans. A 11(5), 717–725. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02661201 (1980).
doi: 10.1007/BF02661201
Gardner, L., Insausti, A., Ng, K. T. & Ashraf, M. Elevated temperature material properties of stainless steel alloys. J. Constr. Steel Res. 66(5), 634–647 (2010).
doi: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2009.12.016
Crank, J. The Mathematics of Diffusion 2nd edn. (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1975).
Meyer, M. D. & Vanderschueren, D. The Characterization of Retained Austenite in TRIP Steels by X ray Diffraction, 10 (1999).
Roberts, C. S. Effect of carbon on the volume fractions and lattice parameters of retained austenite and martensite. Trans. AIME 197(2), 203–204 (1953).
Huang, J., Vogel, S. C., Poole, W. J., Militzer, M. & Jacques, P. The study of low-temperature austenite decomposition in a Fe–C–Mn–Si steel using the neutron Bragg edge transmission technique. Acta Mater. 55(8), 2683–2693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2006.11.049 (2007).
doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.11.049
Yu, D., Chen, Y., Huang, L. & An, K. Tracing phase transformation and lattice evolution in a TRIP sheet steel under high-temperature annealing by real-time in situ neutron diffraction. Crystals 8(9), 360. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst8090360 (2018).
doi: 10.3390/cryst8090360
M. Ren, Diploma Thesis, TU Bergakademie Freiberg (2017).
Bhadeshia, H. & Honeycombe, R. Steels: Microstructure and Properties (Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2017).
Park, R. J. T. Seismic performance of steel-encased concrete piles (1986).
Desu, R. K., Nitin Krishnamurthy, H., Balu, A., Gupta, A. K. & Singh, S. K. Mechanical properties of austenitic stainless Steel 304L and 316L at elevated temperatures. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 5(1), 13–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2015.04.001 (2016).
doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2015.04.001
Ankem, S., Margolin, H., Greene, C., Neuberger, B. & Oberson, P. Mechanical properties of alloys consisting of two ductile phases. Prog. Mater. Sci. 51(5), 632–709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2005.10.003 (2006).
doi: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2005.10.003
Cho, K. & Gurland, J. The law of mixtures applied to the plastic deformation of two-phase alloys of coarse microstructures. Metall. Trans. A 19(8), 2027–2040 (1988).
doi: 10.1007/BF02645206
Duprez, L., De Cooman, B. C. & Akdut, N. High-temperature stress and strain partitioning in duplex stainless steel. Z. Für Met. 93(3), 236–243. https://doi.org/10.3139/146.020236 (2002).
doi: 10.3139/146.020236
Callister, W. D. & Rethwisch, D. G. The structure of crystalline solids. in Material Science Engineering Introduction, 38–79 (Wiley, 2007).
Timoshenko, S. & Goodier, J. N. Theory of Elasticity (McGraw Hill, New York, 1970).
Tylek, I. & Kuchta, K. Physical and Technological Properties of Structural Stainless Steel, 20.
Huang, Q., Volkova, O., Biermann, H. & Mola, J. Tensile elongation of lean-alloy austenitic stainless steels: Transformation-induced plasticity versus planar glide. Mater. Sci. Technol. 33(10), 1224–1230. https://doi.org/10.1080/02670836.2016.1277091 (2017).
doi: 10.1080/02670836.2016.1277091
Goswami, M., Goyal, S., Kumar, A., Harmain, G. A. & Albert, S. K. Effect of triaxial state of stress on tensile behavior of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-020-04670-8 (2020).
doi: 10.1007/s11665-020-04670-8
Goyal, S., Laha, K., Das, C. R., Panneerselvi, S. & Mathew, M. D. Finite element analysis of effect of triaxial state of stress on creep cavitation and rupture behaviour of 2.25Cr–1Mo steel. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 75, 233–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2013.07.005 (2013).
doi: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2013.07.005
Dieter, G. E. & Bacon, D. Mechanical Metallurgy (McGraw-Hill, London, 1988).
Huang, Q., Schröder, C., Biermann, H., Volkova, O. & Mola, J. Influence of martensite fraction on tensile properties of quenched and partitioned (Q&P) martensitic stainless steels. Steel Res. Int. 87(8), 1082–1094. https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.201500472 (2016).
doi: 10.1002/srin.201500472