The role of esophagectomy in the management of Barrett's esophagus with high-grade dysplasia.
Barrett's esophagus
dysplasia
endoscopy
esophageal adenocarcinoma
esophagectomy
Journal
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
ISSN: 1749-6632
Titre abrégé: Ann N Y Acad Sci
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 7506858
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
12 2020
12 2020
Historique:
received:
01
04
2020
revised:
12
06
2020
accepted:
24
06
2020
pubmed:
20
8
2020
medline:
30
12
2020
entrez:
20
8
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Barrett's esophagus (BE) with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) has previously been a routine indication for esophagectomy. Recent advances in endoscopic therapy have resulted in a shift away from surgery. Current international guidelines recommend endoscopic therapy for BE with HGD irrespective of recurrence or progression of dysplasia. Current guidelines do not address the ongoing role of esophagectomy as an adjunct in the setting of failed endoscopic therapy. This review examines the role of esophagectomy as an adjunct to endoscopy in the management of patients with BE and HGD, with a specific focus on patients with persistent, progressive, or recurrent disease, disease resistant to endoscopic therapy, in patients with concomitant esophageal pathology, and in those patients in whom lifelong surveillance may not be possible or desired.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
72-89Informations de copyright
© 2020 New York Academy of Sciences.
Références
Rubenstein, J.H. & N.J. Shaheen. 2015. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 149: 302-317.e1.
Coleman, H.G., S.H. Xie & J. Lagergren. 2018. The epidemiology of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 154: 390-405.
Spechler, S.J. & R.F. Souza. 2014. Barrett's esophagus. N. Engl. J. Med. 371: 836-845.
Shaheen, N.J., G.W. Falk, P.G. Iyer & L.B. Gerson. 2016. ACG clinical guideline: diagnosis and management of Barrett's esophagus. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 111: 30-50; quiz 1.
Eloubeidi, M.A., A.C. Mason, R.A. Desmond & H.B. El-Serag. 2003. Temporal trends (1973-1997) in survival of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma in the United States: a glimmer of hope? Am. J. Gastroenterol. 98: 1627-1633.
Gavin, A.T., S. Francisci, R. Foschi, et al. 2012. Oesophageal cancer survival in Europe: a EUROCARE-4 study. Cancer Epidemiol. 36: 505-512.
Hur, C., M. Miller, C.Y. Kong, et al. 2013. Trends in esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence and mortality. Cancer 119: 1149-1158.
Whiteman, D.C. & B.J. Kendall. 2016. Barrett's oesophagus: epidemiology, diagnosis and clinical management. Med. J. Aust. 205: 317-324.
Masclee, G.M., P.M. Coloma, M. de Wilde, et al. 2014. The incidence of Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma in the United Kingdom and The Netherlands is levelling off. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 39: 1321-1330.
Boger, P.C., D. Turner, P. Roderick & P. Patel. 2010. A UK-based cost-utility analysis of radiofrequency ablation or oesophagectomy for the management of high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's oesophagus. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 32: 1332-1342.
Bozio, G., J. Baulieux & J.Y. Mabrut. 2011. The role of surgery in the management of Barrett's esophagus (from dysplasia to cancer). J. Visc. Surg. 148: 19-26.
Arnold, M., M. Laversanne, L.M. Brown, et al. 2017. Predicting the future burden of esophageal cancer by histological subtype: international trends in incidence up to 2030. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 112: 1247-1255.
Smith, I. & M. Kahaleh. 2015. Endoscopic versus surgical therapy for Barrett's esophagus neoplasia. Expert Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 9: 31-35.
Sujendran, V., G. Sica, B. Warren & N. Maynard. 2005. Oesophagectomy remains the gold standard for treatment of high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's oesophagus. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 28: 763-766.
Fitzgerald, R.C., M. di Pietro, K. Ragunath, et al. 2014. British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on the diagnosis and management of Barrett's oesophagus. Gut 63: 7-42.
Whiteman, D.C., M. Appleyard, F.F. Bahin, et al. 2015. Australian clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Barrett's esophagus and early esophageal adenocarcinoma. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 30: 804-820.
Weusten, B., R. Bisschops, E. Coron, et al. 2017. Endoscopic management of Barrett's esophagus: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Position Statement. Endoscopy 49: 191-198.
Fock, K.M., N. Talley, K.L. Goh, et al. 2016. Asia-Pacific consensus on the management of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: an update focusing on refractory reflux disease and Barrett's oesophagus. Gut 65: 1402-1415.
Evans, J.A., D.S. Early, N. Fukami, et al. 2012. The role of endoscopy in Barrett's esophagus and other premalignant conditions of the esophagus. Gastrointest. Endosc. 76: 1087-1094.
Spechler, S.J., P. Sharma, R.F. Souza, et al. 2011. American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement on the management of Barrett's esophagus. Gastroenterology 140: 1084-1091.
Sharma, P., N.J. Shaheen, D. Katzka & J.J.G.H.M. Bergman. 2020. AGA clinical practice update on endoscopic treatment of Barrett's esophagus with dysplasia and/or early cancer: expert review. Gastroenterology 158: 760-769.
Shaheen, N.J., P. Sharma, B.F. Overholt, et al. 2009. Radiofrequency ablation in Barrett's esophagus with dysplasia. N. Engl. J. Med. 360: 2277-2288.
Wani, S., B. Qumseya, S. Sultan, et al. 2018. Endoscopic eradication therapy for patients with Barrett's esophagus-associated dysplasia and intramucosal cancer. Gastrointest. Endosc. 87: 907-931.e9.
Wu, J., Y.M. Pan, T.T. Wang, et al. 2014. Endotherapy versus surgery for early neoplasia in Barrett's esophagus: a meta-analysis. Gastrointest. Endosc. 79: 233-241.e2.
Phoa, K.N., W.D. Rosmolen, B. Weusten, et al. 2017. The cost-effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation for Barrett's esophagus with low-grade dysplasia: results from a randomized controlled trial (SURF trial). Gastrointest. Endosc. 86: 120-129.e2.
Watson, T.J. 2017. Esophagectomy for superficial esophageal neoplasia. Gastrointest. Endosc. Clin. North Am. 27: 531-546.
DeMeester, S.R. & T.R. DeMeester. 2000. Columnar mucosa and intestinal metaplasia of the esophagus: fifty years of controversy. Ann. Surg. 231: 303-321.
Flejou, J.F. 2005. Barrett's oesophagus: from metaplasia to dysplasia and cancer. Gut 54(Suppl. 1): i6-12.
Salimian, K.J., K.M. Waters, O. Eze, et al. 2018. Definition of Barrett esophagus in the United States: support for retention of a requirement for goblet cells. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 42: 264-268.
Clermont, M. & G.W. Falk. 2018. Clinical guidelines update on the diagnosis and management of Barrett's esophagus. Dig. Dis. Sci. 63: 2122-2128.
Yousef, F., C. Cardwell, M.M. Cantwell, et al. 2008. The incidence of esophageal cancer and high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am. J. Epidemiol. 168: 237-249.
Ronkainen, J., P. Aro, T. Storskrubb, et al. 2005. Prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in the general population: an endoscopic study. Gastroenterology 129: 1825-1831.
Coleman, H.G., S. Bhat, L.J. Murray, et al. 2011. Increasing incidence of Barrett's oesophagus: a population-based study. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 26: 739-745.
Ford, A.C., D. Forman, P.D. Reynolds, et al. 2005. Ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status as risk factors for esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus. Am. J. Epidemiol. 162: 454-460.
Lipman, G. & R.J. Haidry. 2017. Endoscopic management of Barrett's and early oesophageal neoplasia. Frontline Gastroenterol. 8: 138-142.
Sawas, T., M. Alsawas, F. Bazerbachi, et al. 2019. Persistent intestinal metaplasia after endoscopic eradication therapy of neoplastic Barrett's esophagus increases the risk of dysplasia recurrence: meta-analysis. Gastrointest. Endosc. 89: 913-925.e6.
Sami, S.S., V. Subramanian, W.M. Butt, et al. 2015. High definition versus standard definition white light endoscopy for detecting dysplasia in patients with Barrett's esophagus. Dis. Esophagus 28: 742-749.
Wadhwa, V., D. Castaneda, A. Gonzalez, et al. 2019. Impact of endoscopic ablative therapy in preventing esophagectomy in Barrett's esophagus. Gastrointest. Endosc. 89: AB474.
Bulsiewicz, W.J., H.P. Kim, E.S. Dellon, et al. 2013. Safety and efficacy of endoscopic mucosal therapy with radiofrequency ablation for patients with neoplastic Barrett's esophagus. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 11: 636-642.
He, S., J. Bergman, Y. Zhang, et al. 2015. Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation for early esophageal squamous cell neoplasia: report of safety and effectiveness from a large prospective trial. Endoscopy 47: 398-408.
Bhat, S., H.G. Coleman, F. Yousef, et al. 2011. Risk of malignant progression in Barrett's esophagus patients: results from a large population-based study. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 103: 1049-1057.
Hvid-Jensen, F., L. Pedersen, A.M. Drewes, et al. 2011. Incidence of adenocarcinoma among patients with Barrett's esophagus. N. Engl. J. Med. 365: 1375-1383.
Desai, T.K., K. Krishnan, N. Samala, et al. 2012. The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma in non-dysplastic Barrett's oesophagus: a meta-analysis. Gut 61: 970-976.
de Jonge, P.J., M. van Blankenstein, C.W. Looman, et al. 2010. Risk of malignant progression in patients with Barrett's oesophagus: a Dutch nationwide cohort study. Gut 59: 1030-1036.
Cook, M.B., S.B. Coburn, J.R. Lam, et al. 2018. Cancer incidence and mortality risks in a large US Barrett's oesophagus cohort. Gut 67: 418-529.
Gatenby, P., C. Caygill, C. Wall, et al. 2014. Lifetime risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with Barrett's esophagus. World J. Gastroenterol. 20: 9611-9617.
Lim, C.H., D. Treanor, M.F. Dixon & A.T. Axon. 2007. Low-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus has a high risk of progression. Endoscopy 39: 581-587.
Picardo, S.L., M.P. O'Brien, R. Feighery, et al. 2015. A Barrett's esophagus registry of over 1000 patients from a specialist center highlights greater risk of progression than population-based registries and high risk of low grade dysplasia. Dis. Esophagus 28: 121-126.
Duits, L.C., M.J. van der Wel, C.C. Cotton, et al. 2017. Patients with Barrett's esophagus and confirmed persistent low-grade dysplasia are at increased risk for progression to neoplasia. Gastroenterology 152: 993-1001.e1.
Wani, S., G. Falk, M. Hall, et al. 2011. Patients with nondysplastic Barrett's esophagus have low risks for developing dysplasia or esophageal adenocarcinoma. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 9: 220-227; quiz e26.
Sharma, P., G.W. Falk, A.P. Weston, et al. 2006. Dysplasia and cancer in a large multicenter cohort of patients with Barrett's esophagus. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 4: 566-572.
Moole, H., J. Patel, Z. Ahmed, et al. 2016. Progression from low-grade dysplasia to malignancy in patients with Barrett's esophagus diagnosed by two or more pathologists. World J. Gastroenterol. 22: 8831-8843.
Montgomery, E., J.R. Goldblum, J.K. Greenson, et al. 2001. Dysplasia as a predictive marker for invasive carcinoma in Barrett esophagus: a follow-up study based on 138 cases from a diagnostic variability study. Hum. Pathol. 32: 379-388.
Shaheen, N.J., B.F. Overholt, R.E. Sampliner, et al. 2011. Durability of radiofrequency ablation in Barrett's esophagus with dysplasia. Gastroenterology 141: 460-468.
Parasa, S., S. Vennalaganti, S. Gaddam, et al. 2018. Development and validation of a model to determine risk of progression of Barrett's esophagus to neoplasia. Gastroenterology 154: 1282-1289.e2.
Chettouh, H., O. Mowforth, N. Galeano-Dalmau, et al. 2018. Methylation panel is a diagnostic biomarker for Barrett's oesophagus in endoscopic biopsies and non-endoscopic cytology specimens. Gut 67: 1942-1949.
Anaparthy, R., S. Gaddam, V. Kanakadandi, et al. 2013. Association between length of Barrett's esophagus and risk of high-grade dysplasia or adenocarcinoma in patients without dysplasia. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 11: 1430-1436.
Krishnamoorthi, R., B.P. Mohan, M. Jayaraj, et al. 2020. Risk of progression in Barrett's esophagus indefinite for dysplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastrointest. Endosc. 91: 3-10.e3.
Phoa, K.N., F.G. van Vilsteren, B.L. Weusten, et al. 2014. Radiofrequency ablation vs endoscopic surveillance for patients with Barrett esophagus and low-grade dysplasia: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 311: 1209-1217.
Qumseya, B.J., S. Wani, S. Gendy, et al. 2017. Disease progression in Barrett's low-grade dysplasia with radiofrequency ablation compared with surveillance: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 112: 849-865.
Hunt, B.M., B.E. Louie, D.B. Schembre, et al. 2013. Outcomes in patients who have failed endoscopic therapy for dysplastic Barrett's metaplasia or early esophageal cancer. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 95: 1734-1740.
Badreddine, R.J., G.A. Prasad, K.K. Wang, et al. 2010. Prevalence and predictors of recurrent neoplasia after ablation of Barrett's esophagus. Gastrointest. Endosc. 71: 697-703.
Gupta, M., P.G. Iyer, L. Lutzke, et al. 2013. Recurrence of esophageal intestinal metaplasia after endoscopic mucosal resection and radiofrequency ablation of Barrett's esophagus: results from a US Multicenter Consortium. Gastroenterology 145: 79-86.e1.
Pech, O., A. Behrens, A. May, et al. 2008. Long-term results and risk factor analysis for recurrence after curative endoscopic therapy in 349 patients with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and mucosal adenocarcinoma in Barrett's oesophagus. Gut 57: 1200-1206.
Krishnamoorthi, R., S. Singh, K. Ragunathan, et al. 2016. Risk of recurrence of Barrett's esophagus after successful endoscopic therapy. Gastrointest. Endosc. 83: 1090-1106.e3.
Fujii-Lau, L.L., B. Cinnor, N. Shaheen, et al. 2017. Recurrence of intestinal metaplasia and early neoplasia after endoscopic eradication therapy for Barrett's esophagus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endosc. Int. Open 5: E430-E449.
Sami, S.S., A. Ravindran, A. Kahn, et al. 2019. Timeline and location of recurrence following successful ablation in Barrett's oesophagus: an international multicentre study. Gut 68: 1379-1385.
Cotton, C.C., W.A. Wolf, B.F. Overholt, et al. 2017. Late recurrence of Barrett's esophagus after complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia is rare: final report from ablation in intestinal metaplasia containing dysplasia trial. Gastroenterology 153: 681-688.e2.
Dunbar, K.B. & S.J. Spechler. 2012. The risk of lymph-node metastases in patients with high-grade dysplasia or intramucosal carcinoma in Barrett's esophagus: a systematic review. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 107: 850-862; quiz 63.
Prasad, G.A., T.T. Wu, D.A. Wigle, et al. 2009. Endoscopic and surgical treatment of mucosal (T1a) esophageal adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus. Gastroenterology 137: 815-823.
Pouw, R.E., H.T. Kunzli, R. Bisschops, et al. 2018. Simplified versus standard regimen for focal radiofrequency ablation of dysplastic Barrett's oesophagus: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 3: 566-574.
Pouw, R.E., S. Seewald, J.J. Gondrie, et al. 2010. Stepwise radical endoscopic resection for eradication of Barrett's oesophagus with early neoplasia in a cohort of 169 patients. Gut 59: 1169-1177.
Sawas, T., S. Killcoyne, P.G. Iyer, et al. 2018. Identification of prognostic phenotypes of esophageal adenocarcinoma in 2 independent cohorts. Gastroenterology 155: 1720-1728.e4.
Luna, R.A., E. Gilbert & J.G. Hunter. 2012. High-grade dysplasia and intramucosal adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus: the role of esophagectomy in the era of endoscopic eradication therapy. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 28: 362-369.
Edwards, M.J., D.R. Gable, A.B. Lentsch & J.D. Richardson. 1996. The rationale for esophagectomy as the optimal therapy for Barrett's esophagus with high-grade dysplasia. Ann. Surg. 223: 585-591.
Schnell, T.G., S.J. Sontag, G. Chejfec, et al. 2001. Long-term nonsurgical management of Barrett's esophagus with high-grade dysplasia. Gastroenterology 120: 1607-1619.
Malik, S., G. Sharma, M.R. Sanaka & P.N. Thota. 2018. Role of endoscopic therapy in early esophageal cancer. World J. Gastroenterol. 24: 3965-3973.
van Putten, M., B.T. Johnston, L.J. Murray, et al. 2018. ‘Missed’ oesophageal adenocarcinoma and high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's oesophagus patients: a large population-based study. United European Gastroenterol. J. 6: 519-528.
Wani, S., D. Early, S. Edmundowicz & P. Sharma. 2012. Management of high-grade dysplasia and intramucosal adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 10: 704-711.
Low, D.E., M.K. Kuppusamy, D. Alderson, et al. 2019. Benchmarking complications associated with esophagectomy. Ann. Surg. 269: 291-298.
Lam, Y.H., T. Bright, M. Leong, et al. 2016. Oesophagectomy is a safe option for early adenocarcinoma arising from Barrett's oesophagus. ANZ J. Surg. 86: 905-909.
Ahmed, Z., J.A. Elliott, S. King, et al. 2017. Risk factors for anastomotic stricture post-esophagectomy with a standardized sutured anastomosis. World J. Surg. 41: 487-497.
Licht, E., A.J. Markowitz, M.S. Bains, et al. 2016. Endoscopic management of esophageal anastomotic leaks after surgery for malignant disease. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 101: 301-304.
Molena, D., F. Schlottmann, J.A. Boys, et al. 2017. Esophagectomy following endoscopic resection of submucosal esophageal cancer: a highly curative procedure even with nodal metastases. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 21: 62-67.
Hunt, B.M., B.E. Louie, C.M. Dunst, et al. 2014. Esophagectomy for failed endoscopic therapy in patients with high-grade dysplasia or intramucosal carcinoma. Dis. Esophagus 27: 362-367.
Rice, T.W., L.Q. Chen, W.L. Hofstetter, et al. 2016. Worldwide Esophageal Cancer Collaboration: pathologic staging data. Dis. Esophagus 29: 724-733.
Rice, T.W., S.C. Murthy, D.P. Mason, et al. 2011. Esophagectomy for clinical high-grade dysplasia. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 40: 113-119.
Altorki, N.K., P.C. Lee, Y. Liss, et al. 2008. Multifocal neoplasia and nodal metastases in T1 esophageal carcinoma: implications for endoscopic treatment. Ann. Surg. 247: 434-439.
Luckett, T., C. Allamneni, K. Cowley, et al. 2018. Length of Barrett's segment predicts failure of eradication in radiofrequency ablation for Barrett's esophagus: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Gastroenterol. 18: 67.
Pohl, H., O. Pech, H. Arash, et al. 2018. Length of Barrett's oesophagus and cancer risk: implications from a large sample of patients with early oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Gut 65: 196-201.
Tharavej, C., J.A. Hagen, J.H. Peters, et al. 2006. Predictive factors of coexisting cancer in Barrett's high-grade dysplasia. Surg. Endosc. 20: 439-443.
Wani, S., G.W. Falk, J. Post, et al. 2011. Risk factors for progression of low-grade dysplasia in patients with Barrett's esophagus. Gastroenterology 141: 1179-1186, 86.e1.
Greene, C.L. & P.M. McFadden. 2014. The surgeon's perspective on oesophageal disease, and what it means to pathologists. J. Clin. Pathol. 67: 913-918.
Zehetner, J., S.R. DeMeester, J.A. Hagen, et al. 2011. Endoscopic resection and ablation versus esophagectomy for high-grade dysplasia and intramucosal adenocarcinoma. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 141: 39-47.
Sami, S.S., H.N. Haboubi, Y. Ang, et al. 2018. UK guidelines on oesophageal dilatation in clinical practice. Gut 67: 1000.
Qumseya, B.J., S. Wani, M. Desai, et al. 2016. Adverse events after radiofrequency ablation in patients with Barrett's esophagus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 14: 1086-1095.e6.
Menon, D., T. Stafinski, H. Wu, et al. 2010. Endoscopic treatments for Barrett's esophagus: a systematic review of safety and effectiveness compared to esophagectomy. BMC Gastroenterol. 10: 111.
Desai, M., S. Saligram, N. Gupta, et al. 2017. Efficacy and safety outcomes of multimodal endoscopic eradication therapy in Barrett's esophagus-related neoplasia: a systematic review and pooled analysis. Gastrointest. Endosc. 85: 482-495.e4.
Leeuwenburgh, I., P. Scholten, T.J. Calje, et al. 2013. Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma are common after treatment for achalasia. Dig. Dis. Sci. 58: 244-252.
Zendehdel, K., O. Nyren, A. Edberg & W. Ye. 2011. Risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma in achalasia patients, a retrospective cohort study in Sweden. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 106: 57-61.
Rosmolen, W.D., P.T. Nieuwkerk, R.E. Pouw, et al. 2017. Quality of life and fear of cancer recurrence after endoscopic treatment for early Barrett's neoplasia: a prospective study. Dis. Esophagus 30: 1-9.
Schembre, D.B., J.L. Huang, O.S. Lin, et al. 2008. Treatment of Barrett's esophagus with early neoplasia: a comparison of endoscopic therapy and esophagectomy. Gastrointest. Endosc. 67: 595-601.
Fudman, D.I., C.J. Lightdale, J.M. Poneros, et al. 2014. Positive correlation between endoscopist radiofrequency ablation volume and response rates in Barrett's esophagus. Gastrointest. Endosc. 80: 71-77.
van Vilsteren, F.G., R.E. Pouw, L.A. Herrero, et al. 2012. Learning to perform endoscopic resection of esophageal neoplasia is associated with significant complications even within a structured training program. Endoscopy 44: 4-12.
Chang, L.C., B.K. Oelschlager, E. Quiroga, et al. 2006. Long-term outcome of esophagectomy for high-grade dysplasia or cancer found during surveillance for Barrett's esophagus. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 10: 341-346.
Moraca, R.J. & D.E. Low. 2006. Outcomes and health-related quality of life after esophagectomy for high-grade dysplasia and intramucosal cancer. Arch. Surg. (Chicago, Ill: 1960) 141: 545-549; discussion 9-51.
Sanghera, S.S., S.J. Nurkin & T.L. Demmy. 2012. Quality of life after an esophagectomy. Surg. Clin. North Am. 92: 1315-1335.
Green, S., A. Tawil, H. Barr, et al. 2009. Surgery versus radical endotherapies for early cancer and high grade dysplasia in Barrett's oesophagus. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. Cd007334.
Bennett, C., S. Green, J. Decaestecker, et al. 2012. Surgery versus radical endotherapies for early cancer and high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's oesophagus. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 11. Cd007334.
Das, A., V. Singh, D.E. Fleischer & V.K. Sharma. 2008. A comparison of endoscopic treatment and surgery in early esophageal cancer: an analysis of surveillance epidemiology and end results data. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 103: 1340-1345.
Pech, O., E. Bollschweiler, H. Manner, et al. 2011. Comparison between endoscopic and surgical resection of mucosal esophageal adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus at two high-volume centers. Ann. Surg. 254: 67-72.
Pacifico, R.J., K.K. Wang, L.M. Wongkeesong, et al. 2003. Combined endoscopic mucosal resection and photodynamic therapy versus esophagectomy for management of early adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 1: 252-257.
Reed, M.F., G. Tolis, Jr., B.H. Edil, et al. 2005. Surgical treatment of esophageal high-grade dysplasia. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 79: 1110-1115; discussion -5.
Prasad, G.A., K.K. Wang, N.S. Buttar, et al. 2007. Long-term survival following endoscopic and surgical treatment of high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Gastroenterology 132: 1226-1233.
O'Farrell, N.J., J.V. Reynolds, N. Ravi, et al. 2013. Evolving changes in the management of early oesophageal adenocarcinoma in a tertiary centre. Irish J. Med. Sci. 182: 363-369.
Centre for Clinical Practice at National Institute for Health. 2010. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence: Guidance. Barrett's oesophagus: ablative therapy for the treatment of Barrett's oesophagus. London: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (UK).
Pohl, H., A. Sonnenberg, S. Strobel, et al. 2009. Endoscopic versus surgical therapy for early cancer in Barrett's esophagus: a decision analysis. Gastrointest. Endosc. 70: 623-631.
Chu, J.N., J. Choi, A. Tramontano, et al. 2018. Surgical vs endoscopic management of T1 esophageal adenocarcinoma: a modeling decision analysis. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 16: 392-400.e7.
Hur, C., N.S. Nishioka & G.S. Gazelle. 2003. Cost-effectiveness of photodynamic therapy for treatment of Barrett's esophagus with high grade dysplasia. Dig. Dis. Sci. 48: 1273-1283.
Pech, O., A. May, H. Manner, et al. 2014. Long-term efficacy and safety of endoscopic resection for patients with mucosal adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Gastroenterology 146: 652-660.e1.
Anders, M., C. Bahr, M.A. El-Masry, et al. 2014. Long-term recurrence of neoplasia and Barrett's epithelium after complete endoscopic resection. Gut 63: 1535-1543.
Bennett, C., N. Vakil, J. Bergman, et al. 2012. Consensus statements for management of Barrett's dysplasia and early-stage esophageal adenocarcinoma, based on a Delphi process. Gastroenterology 143: 336-346.
Yachimski, P., N.S. Nishioka, E. Richards & C. Hur. 2008. Treatment of Barrett's esophagus with high-grade dysplasia or cancer: predictors of surgical versus endoscopic therapy. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 6: 1206-1211.
Rosmolen, W.D., K.R. Boer, R.J. de Leeuw, et al. 2010. Quality of life and fear of cancer recurrence after endoscopic and surgical treatment for early neoplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Endoscopy 42: 525-531.
Schembre, D., A. Arai, S. Levy, et al. 2010. Quality of life after esophagectomy and endoscopic therapy for Barrett's esophagus with dysplasia. Dis. Esophagus 23: 458-464.
Thomas, T., C.J. Richards, J.S. de Caestecker & R.J. Robinson. 2005. High-grade dysplasia in Barrett's oesophagus: natural history and review of clinical practice. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 21: 747-755.
Hu, Y., V. Puri, V.M. Shami, et al. 2016. Comparative effectiveness of esophagectomy versus endoscopic treatment for esophageal high-grade dysplasia. Ann. Surg. 263: 719-726.
Inadomi, J.M., M. Somsouk, R.D. Madanick, et al. 2009. A cost-utility analysis of ablative therapy for Barrett's esophagus. Gastroenterology 136: 2101-2114.e6.